Semantische Suche
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| Ad99999 04 015a/eng | Plants LXXVII. Vol. IV. No. 13. PEACHES AND ABRICOTS. Fig 1. The Common Peach. (Amygdalus Persica.) The Peach-Tree which gives us that beautiful and relishing fruit, is properly a native of Persia, where it grows wild. It was first brought to the South of Europe and from thence transplanted into Germany, where it grows in Gardens, when cultivated with proper care, and shelter'd from wind and cold. In the northern parts of Europe even in the North of Germany it cannot be brought forth in open air, and is only reared in hot houses. The peach thrives best in France, Spain, Italy and the Greek Islands, but it grows also in the South and North of Africa, and in America. The tree raised from the kernel attains a height from 16 to 20 feet; but the wild peach stems are commonly improved by ingrafting; by which means they bear the greater and better tasted fruit represented in (A) of Fig. 1. The blossoms which are of a reddish colour (B) appear before the leaves in spring. The leaves are long, slender, pointed like willow leaves and intented on both sides. In the most parts of Germany the fruit is ripe in August. It is full of juice and its taste is an agreable wine acid. The stone (C) contains à kernel which has the size and taste of a bitter Almond, and proves mortal to sciuirrels and other little Quadrupeds. Besides the peach here represented the Gardeners rear a great number of other sorts which in fact are nothing else than varieties of the same species. Fig. 2. The Abricot. (Prunus Armeniaca.) The Abricot-Tree belongs to the class of Plum and Cherry Trees as may be seen by the shape and colour of its leaves. Its native country is Asia, especially Armenia. It came first to France and Italy, from whence it was brought to Germany. The Abricot is of a less tender nature then the peach, and therefore thrives very well in Gardens and Vineyards, when shelter'd from hard and lasting frosts. The five leav'd flower appears early in spring before the leaves. The sweet and juicy fruit represented (Fig. 2.) grows close to the stalk, and is ripe in July or August. The stone (C) contains also a kernel like an Almond. The Abricot grows from kernels, but the quality of the fruit is highly amelioiated, when branches of an improved sort are ingrafted upon wild Abricot, or Plum Trees. Cure and attention has also produced a great variety of Abricots. | |
| Ad99999 04 016a/eng | Amphibia XIV. Tom. IV. No. 14. TWO KINDS OF CROCODILES. In the 22th number of the I Vol. of our pictnre [sic] Gallerie we have seen the common or the Nile Crocodile, we are here made acquainted with two other sorts. Fig. 1. The American Crocodile. (Lacerta Alligator.) The Cayman, Alligator, or American Crocodile is from 30 to 40 feet long, and consequently of a much smaller size than the Nile Crocodile. It's also sooner frighten'd and in geneial more timorous, than that tremendous animal. It is foimd in the Rivers of the Southern and inland parts of America. Though they chiefly feed on fish, yet they pursue, especially when some o£ them are together, little Boats or Canoes with single persons. The skin is like a coat of mail, and divided into shields. Its colour is darkbrown above, and reddish yellow below. The long tapering head is cover'd all over with scales. Aîong the hack and on the outside of the hind feet runs a row of wedgelike prominences. The hind feet which like the fore feet have rive toes, are also provided with a fwimming fkin. The American Crocodile lays about 50 eggs in a Year. Many birds prey upon these eggs whereby the number of this dangerous animal is greatly diminish'd. Fig. 2. The Gavial or the Ganges-Crocodile. (Lacerta Gangetica.) The Ganses-Crocodile or Gavial attains the size of the Cayman. It is distinguish'd from all other Crocodiles by its long, beak-like Jaws. Hence it forms a particular species, and is often call'd the beaked Crocodile. Its fore feet are divided into four, the hind into five toes, the outer of which are without naiîs. Both sides of its neck are full of wart like prominences; the tail is furnish'd with a double comb of pues. Its teeth are all of the same size and length and very numerons. | |
| Ad99999 04 017a/eng | Roses I. Vol. IV. No. 15. DIFFERENT KINDS OF ROSES. The Rose is a great Ornament in Gardens, and the favourite flower of half the world. The single Rose is a native of Germany, and grows wild in coppices and woods even on dry hills and mountains; but the double Rose which apparently like other flowers first came from Asia, requires more care in the gardens, and some forts can onîy be reared in hot houses. We have Roses of différent colours and fliadings: the white, the yellow, the red; the flesh and fire-colour'd, the dark red, and the purple; the striped and the spotted Rôle, befides great varieties in form and size. Having collected and obferved ail the différent forts and having been folicited by a party of friends, I ihall infert a füll collection of Roses in the Picture-Gallery by in« troducing in each number one fheet wi. th some of their varieties drawn from nature; which I hope, will not displeafe my young readers. Fig. 1. The red Centifolia. (Rosa centifolia Germanica.) We have at present three forts of Centifolia: the red, the white, and the yellow or golden. The red one is a most beautiful flower as well for its form and fine pale-red colour, as for its the red Centifolia. fweet and exquisite fmelh It is known in every garden. The stalks of the leaves are pretty long, and furnish'd with a quantity of thorns and fix or eight fmajl oval leaves. The height of the bush is commonly 3 or 4 feet. The fulness of the flower hinders it from bearing fruit. The narae of Centifolia, (hundred-leav'd) is derived from the great number of leaves that constitute the flower. Fig. 2. The white Centifolia. (Rosa unica.) The white Centifolia-Rose is still a very rare flower in Germany; it came, only a few years ago, from England where a single plant sometimes coft two and three Guineas. Its beautiful ffructure, its tender, fhining white, the great flower, and the agréable odour which somewhat differs from that of the red Centifolia, make it a most delightful flower. It bas two fpecitlc particularises; The out« fide leaves of the bud are erlged with brown, and, when füll blown, the upper edge of the leaves is deeply notched in the middle. The bush attains commonly the height of the red Centifolia. | |
| Ad99999 04 018a/eng | Birds L. Vol. IV. No. 16. DUCKS OF DIFFERENT KINDS. Fig. 1. The red crested Duck. (Anas rufina.) x he red crefied Duck lives fin gl y and is never seen in floescs. It inhabits the fhores of the Cafpian Sea and varions ïakes of Tartary. In Germany it oecurs, but very feldom, in Silesia, Poland, and on the sides of the Danube. Its lenglh is two feet. The head and upper part of the neck is of a vermilion colour, and ornamented with a creft of bushy feathers which it raifes and lays down at pleafure. The Bill is light red: breast, belly, and tail are black, the hack and wings grey brown. Under the wings a large white spot is pereeived. The habits and manners of this folitary bird are hut iajperfectly known. Fig. 2. The long tailed Duck. (Anas glacialis.) The long tailed Duck is generally met with in the mofi: northern parts of Europe, Asia and Africa, hut is also found in Germany, especiaîly in very cold and frofiy Winters. ït is of a smallex size than the red crefted, and its plumage conflits only in a mixture of white and black feathers. Under the Eyes a tawny brown iiripe extends tapering downwards on the neck. The two middle feathers of the tail are black, and four inclies longer than the reft. This bird makes its nest with its own down which is as much valued as Eider down. Fig. 3. The Chinese Duck. (Anas galericulata.) This heautiful bird is an inhabitant of China and Japan. For the élégance of its feathers it is frequently kept in cages and felis at Q or 10 Dollars the pair. The bill is pale reddish; on the sides of the head is a fine mixture of white, yellow, and orange colours. From the hack of the head there hangs a creft of light feathers. breast, back, and the tapering tail are brown. Tlie upper quills stand erect, and form two particular wings of a yellow red colour, edged with white, which give the bird an elegant beautiful appearance. Fig. 4. The Summer-Duck. (Anas sponsa.) The Summer-Duck resides in différent parts of America, especially in Mexico and some Islands of the Weft-Indies; but in fummer it wanders to the North of America, wheie it performs the funetion of incubation in hollow trees. The glittering green and reddish creft of its head; its red spotted breast and the fine exquißte fhades of the reff, of its plumage render it a mofi: beautiful hird. The flesh is very délicat; and the plumage is used as an Ornament of dress hy the ludians. Fig. 5. The golden Eye-duck. (Anas clangula.) Is common in the North of Europe, Af:a and America. In Autumn it oecurs also some times ia Germany. From its quacking it is called in german the quacking Duck; its food conflits of small fish, frogs, and mice. It is remarkable for its fleetness in diving. Fig. 6. The buffle headed Duck. (Anas bucephala.) This species is found in différent parts of North America. It builds its nest upon trees by the sides of rivers and ponds. Tl. ey are excellent divers, and are able to fwim under water fora conliderable length of time. The gênerai colour of their plumage is black and white. Head and neck are glofled with a sparkling goldgreen and violet. | |
| Ad99999 04 019a/eng | Fish XXXI. Vol. IV. No. 17. GERMAN RIVER FISH. Fig. 1. The Gwiniad. (Salmo Lavaretus.) X he Gwiniad is an Inhabitant of the Eaft and North Seas as well as of the lakes in upper Auftria. It is about a foot long. It difters from ail other species of Salmon in the upper jaws which terminate by a foft fleshy point. The back is blue grey; th e belly hiver colour'd. Aline of 45clofely following spots feparates the colour of the upper from the lower parts. The scales are somewhat notched in the middle. The colour of the fins is yellowish, the flesh tender and welltafied; its food consists of feaherbs and waterweeds, worms and insects. / Fig. 1. [sic!] The Salvelin. (Salmo Salvelinus.) The Salvelin is a well tasted fort of Salmon. It is found in the lakes of the South Germany, . Auftrio, Bavaria and Salzburg, where it is caught with dragnets and hooks. It lives by preying on other small fish, as may be seen by its numérous fharply pointed teeth. The red brown back, and the hiver colour'd belly is ornamented with orange coloui'd spots. The breast and belly-fins are of a cinnabar colour, those of the back and ta il of a dark dusky blue. It weighs from two to fix pouuds. Fig. 3. The Heuch. (Salmo Hucho.) The Heuch is caught with dragnets and hooks in the Danube, and the lakes of Aufîria and Bavaria, but its flesh is not so well tasted as that of the former species. Its common length is from 3 to 4 feet. It is easily distinguish'd from ail its congeners by the black spots, with which ail its fins, except those of the breast, are marked. It preys on other small fish. Fig. 4. The Grayling. (Salmo Thymallus.) Attains a length from one to two feet. It inhabits chiefly the Eaft and North Seas, but mounts also the rivers that flow into them. It is remarkable for its large and pied dorfal fin. Its gênerai colour is blueish, the upper part of a deeper eaft than the lower. The belly and tail-fins are reddish brown. It lives on worms and fnails. Its tender well tasted flesh it esteemed excellent eating. | |
| Ad99999 04 020a/eng | Plants LXXVIII. Vol. IV. No. 18. RASPBERRIES AND BRAMBLES. Fig. 1. The common Raspberry. (Rubus idaeus.) The common Raspberry grows upon bushes whose stems are 4 or 5 feet high. It occurs in almost all the woods of Germany except those of fir, but is chiefly found in mountainous and stony places. The pointed leaves which grow frorn 3 to 5 on one stalk, are on their inside of a dark, on the outside of a pale green colour. The white five-leaved flower appears about May. The red berries grow upon a prominent germe, and ripen in July or August. The Raspberry is extremely juicy, and has a relishing aromatical taste. The juice, mixed with Wine or Vinegar, forms a most refreshing beverage. In gardens, when raised from seed, or by the means of slips the berries grow much larger. Fig. 2. The common Bramble. (Rubus fruticosus.) The common Bramble-bush which with the Raspberry belongs to one class of plants, is also very common in the woods of Germany, especially on stony slopes and declivities where there are few trees. Its stems which are stronger than the former and richly furnish'd with thorns grow sometimes to the height of 7 or 8 feet; they generally bend their ends towards the ground, by which means several bushes together form a quick-set hedge which is not easily to be penetrated. The stalks are provided with five leaves. They are greater and stronger, and the leaves much more indented than those of the Raspberry. The five leaved blossom appears from May to June and the dark blue berries grow like those of No. 1. in a conic form round the prominent germe. They have also a very good and refreshing taste, but are somewhat more acid than the Raspberries. | |
| Ad99999 04 021a/eng | Amphibies XV. Vol. IV. No. 19. INNOXIOUS SERPENTS It is a common but falfe assertion, that al] kinds of Serpents andVipers are venoinous and mortiferous. Tliere are in fact différent tribes, wbich are more or less provided with poifonous qualities, but there are also various species entireîy innoxious; some of them may even beeasily tamed, and without the leasi: danger kept within doors. Impoftors and jugglers employ the m very often in their tricks and juggles, and make inexpert peuple believe, they are posselTed of a supernatural power of taming these Animais. In the annexed picture we are made acquainted with three of these harmless species. Fig. 1. The French Viper. (Coluber communis feu Franciae.) The French Viper is frequent in the South of France. It is commonly about 3 feet long. The coat of the animal is cover'd with scales, darkgreen on the back, and of a pale yellow caft on the belly; its tail terminâtes in a long thin point. It lives on lizards, frogs, and other small animals wbich it catches with its teeth. Within doors is may be rendered quite obedient and familiär. Fig. 2. The Serpent of Aesculapius. (Coluber Aesculapii.) This Serpent is, like the former, of a gentle and harmless nature, and may as easily be tamed. It is found in Ttaîy, especially in the Environs of Rome, in Spain and the Greek Islands. The species was known to the ancients; and for its inolFenfive nature it was made the fymbol of Aesculapius the beneficent God of phyfic. Its length is commonly 3 or 3§ feet. It feeds like the french Viper on small animals. The ruft brown back is cover'd with. oval scales; on the sides a blackish stripe is perceived; the belly is white. Fig. 3. The striped Viper. (Coluber quadristriatus.) This species is met with in the Southern parts of France and Spain, especially in humid and moift places. It measures generally 3 or 4 feet. Its prevailing co'our is of a grey yellow. Four parallel stripes of black run down from the head to the beginning of the tail. They are also very easily tamed; and in Spain where they generally are suppos'd to be venomous, many tricks ar# played with these innocent animals. | |
| Ad99999 04 022a/eng | Roses II. Vol. IV. No. 20. DIFFERENT KINDS 0F ROSES. Fig. 1. The yellow Centifolia. (Rosa sulphurea.) JL heyellow Centifolia is also a mofî beautiful species of Roses; but, however common the Bush is, a fine füll blown flower is very feldom to be met with. Almost ail the Buds burst (as may be seen in the annexed figure) down to the italk before they unfold; they then wither, and are eaten by Worms and insects. The reafon of this may be, that the yellow Rose-bush can neither bear the heat or the Sun, nor great moifture; it requires a dry and fhady ground. The form and colour of this species is elegant and a true ornament of a garden, but the fmell of it is rather disagreahle. The bush is from 6 to ß feet high. Its fieras are flender, and füll of prickîes and small leaves. It never bears fruit. Fig. 2. The double purple Rose. (Rosa holoserica purpurea.) This elegant Rose lias différent naines. It is sometimes called the royal purple Rose, the purple-velvet Rose, the black or Pluto-Rose. It is one of the rare species and requires particular care to keep it in füll growth and beauty; for it easiîy dégénérâtes into a common light red Rose. The magnitude and fulness of the flower, the dark velvet-like purple, inclining to black; the dazzling lufire which fpavkîes from the furface of the leaves, and the bright goldlike fiamina in the middle give it a beautiful and si ri« king appearance. The leaves are pretty large and pale gTeen, the fîems and fialks greenish with few prickîes. The bush is often very thick, but only 2 or 3 feet high, and fuffers much from froft and cold. It bears a great quantity of fruit, which (as fball be shown in one of the next numbers) is quite the faîne with that of the Hals double Rose. The fmell of this elegant flower is not strong, but very agréable. | |
| Ad99999 04 023a/eng | Birds LI. Vol. IV. No. 21. DIFFERENT KINDS OF WARBLERS. J. hte WarbWrS form a numerous trille of Birds ami the "bclly ïs of a yellow red coîour. The CÖnflßin | |
| Ad99999 04 024a/eng | Fish XXXII. Vol. IV. No. 22. SCALE FISH. Fig. 1. The Torsk. (Gadus Callarias.) The Torsk belongs to the Tribe of the Scale Fish and is a bout 3 feet long. It is a fish of prey as may be seen by the quantity of pointed teeth its mouth is armed with; it lives on other Fish, crabs, sea worms and insects. It frequents principally the Baltic sea where it is caught on the coasts and in the mouths of rivers with dragnets and large hooks. On account of its white, tender, and well tasted flesh it bears a bigh price and is considered as an exquisite dish of a rich and elegant table. Its brown and grey reddish back as well as the under parts are marked by numerous dull yellow spots. Fig. 2. The Whiting. (Gadus Merlanqus.) The Whiting is a well tasted species of the Scale fish, which occurs in the Baltic Sea and abounds in the German Ocean especially on the Coasts of England, Holland, and France, where it is caught in great quantities with the Ground-Line *). It measures from 2 1/2 to 2 feet. The principal colour of its back is of a pale silver grey, the back of a dull yellow. Fig. 3. The Coal-Fish. (Gadus Carbonarius.) The Goal-Fish derives its name from the elegant shining black colour which covers its head and neck when old and full grown. At the period of its Youth it is of an olive brown Colour. Its belly, anus, and tail-fins are black, back and breast-fins olive brown. It grows to a length from 1 1/2 to 2 feet and is frequent in the Baltic and North-Sea, especially on the coasts of England and Scotland. Its Flesh is not well tasted and only eaten by the poor. It feeds on small Fish. Fig 4. The Poor. (Gadus minutus.) This species of the Torsk is only about 8 inches long; it is also an inhabitant of the Baltic Sea as well as of the Ocean. It preys on Sea-worms and small crabs; its flesh is well tasted and frequently eaten;. the colour of its belly is a silvery grey, that of its back yellow brown.
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| Ad99999 04 025a/eng | Plants LXXIX. Vol. IV. No. 23. AMERICAN FRUIT. Fig. 1. The white Guaya. (Psidium pyriferum.) i. he white Guava or Guava-tree which bears a fruit limilar to a pair, is indigenous to the Islands of the Weft* Indies. ït attains common ly a height from iß to 20 feet, the item meafuring about a foot in diamètre. The leaves which grow oppofite to 011e another, are oval and füll of ribs witiiotit beiftg indented. The wbite blossom (B) appears in the third year and grows iingly on the fiaîks; the fruit (a) is about the size of a common pair; at si rit it is gren, but full grown it becomes yellow, mottled with red. It bas a good fmell and a strong but agreeable tafte. Beihies it is a very wbolefome and comf or table «our-ishment and is frequently eaten iß those. countries, fresb as well as boiled. Fig. 2. The rough fruited custard Apple. (Annona muricata.) This Apple-tree is aifo a product of various Islands of the Weft-fndies. Its oblong pointed leaves grow v/ithout any ordre on the fîalks; its flower-cup wbich consists of three leaves, is wbite on the outfide and of a reddisb colour on the bifide, and bas an agreeabie fmell. The fruit (B) is as big as a fift and bears the form of a beart. The outfide green peeî is as if it were divided into various scaly sbields which in their middle bave a little prickly protubérance. The pulp is füll of juice and not only of an excellent wine acid tafte, but it is also a very relisbing nourishment in those bot countries. For to eat it the outfide peel is taken of aad the pulp eaten with a fpoon. Fig. 3. The Mamei Sapote. (Achras mammosa.) This frnit is found on the isles of Cuba, Jarnaica and varieus other parts of South America. Its wbite blossom bas fix leaves. The fruit is three times as large as the annexed picture. It is of an oval sh. ipe and reddisb bro. wn colour. The red pulp wbich aloue is eaten, bas a fw. ee tish tafte, but is very aqueous and therefore not well tasted; it bas some kernels (B) which contain the feed. (c.) MameiSapote is the American dénomination. | |
| Ad99999 04 026a/eng | Miscellanies XXXV. Vol. IV. No. 24. THE SUBTERRANEAN HERCULANUN. In the reign of the Roman Emperour Titus and the year 79 after the Birtli of Jesus Chrift ons of the most terrible éruptions of the Mount Vefuvius happened. Heavy clouds of burning ashesand pumice-ftones ejected from the Volcano, ebanaed at first, day in night and then falling down like a devafting rain covered and deltroyed the wbole adjacent country. Herculanum a large town and Colony of the Ancient Romans ßtuated on the Sea-Sbore between Naples and Pornpejum was also buried by this terrible Catafirophe. The ràin of ashes and pumice fiones covered its streets and houses, wbilethe infortunate inhabitants had hardîy time enouoh to fave themselves and their beit eliects; fréquent shovveTS soon after changed these ashes into a bard and folid fubltance, and a torrent of glowing Lava which streamed from the bursting Volcano towards the Sea, covered Herculanumvvith a bind of Stone-Cruft from 60 to ßo feed thieb. Thus this opulent town disappeared from the furface of the earth and some Centuries after tllis terrible event nobody knew where this flourishing town had been Gtuated; at lait the little town Porticî was huilt on the plain which covered Herculanum and it was only by chance that its fubterranean ruins-were discovered in the lait Century. P»ince d'Elhoeuf from the house of Lorrain built in 17*20 a counfrv houle near Porticî when a neighbouring peafant dig, c;ing, at the famé time a weil, found various precious pièces of inaible. The Prince bearing of It, bo-ugbt that pièce of ground of the peafant, dug deeper and found a great quantity of antiquities and statues of the greatest value; but the kingof Naples soon prohibited ail further fearchin-g, and it was only 30 years after, that the government permitted to dig, again. After having pierced the Lava to a depth. of Qo feet they discovered the streets of Herculanum and found an immenfe quantity of ltatues, antic Vafes, facrificial instruments and excellent Fresco pictures (paintingi on humid Lime) These treafures were taben out of the fubterr raneous town, as may be fee» Fig. 1. , r and put in the Royal Mu feu m-at PorticL As it was impoihble to uncover the wboîe Herculanum without pulling down Portici, paP* fages were dug througb the Lava by which me ans the ruins of tins famous town may be seen by Torch-ligbt. The first »nagnificent Tluilding dIscoverecîr was the Théâtre of which our picture Fig. 2. r offers the plan, . The inner part of this-édifice affords an excellent View of its Magnitude and superb décoration. It was large enougb to contain 10000 Men, and the fpectators arrived froma corridor, as the verti-cal opening (a) shows, througb seven doors (Z>) ) to-their fit* of Toplius> The walls were ornamented with statue* of nrarble that ßood in niches, and hurle» o£ brouce placed on prominent pedefrals. The Proscenium or the frage was deeorated with pillars. of the Co-rinthiari or der and flatus* of tlieiVlufes, | |
| Ad99999 04 027a/eng | Miscellanies XXXVI. Vol. IV. No. 25. POMPEJUM DISCOVEPED. Pompejum, a little Pioman town, was situated near Hercuîanum and 12 Italian miles from Naples. The explofion of the rnountVefuvius which in the Year 79 deftroyed Hercuîanum buried also Pompejum under a couch of lèverai feet of ashes and pumice stones. Some âges after, its situation was entirely unknown, and it was only in the lafl Century that some peafants by chance discovered it again. In the Year 1755 they began to dig, and, as the couch of ashes was but a few feet high, it was easily removed from the gteatest part of the Town. The many vaîuable anliquides that were found, were lihe those of the Hercuîanum brought in the Royal Mufeum at Portici. The annexer! picture represents two principal views of the discovered Poaipejum. Fig. 1. The gate of the Town and the entrance into one of the streets. We perceive in the front the ruins of the Gate (aa) and through the gâte-way one of the streets of the ancient Pompejum. The houses seem to be built against rocks (b) but it is only the stratum or couch of ashes which covered the town, and on the furface of which as may be seen (c) some modem houses were built. The streets are only 12 feet broad; on the pavement of L. ava the oîd tracks are diftinctly feen. On the sides of the houses runs an elevated footpath (d) for the Convenience of people going on foot. The houses are finall and low, quadrangular, and commonly but one story high. The doors are large and give light to the forepart of the house, for towards the streets no Windows have as yet been discovered. The rooms were situated around an inner Yard, in the middle of which generally a fountain stood. Fig. 2. The Soldier's Quarter of Pompejum. In the Year 1772 the Soldier's Quarter was discovered which probably was called so, because it contained the Barracks and Parade of the Roman Garrison. A row of Doric Columns of Stucco, 11 feet high surrounded an oblong fquare, (parallelogram) the covering ashes of which as may be seen (aa) are not yet entirely removed. Apparently it was the place where the troops were exercifed. Behind these columns there was a gallery, open towards the fquare and covered ou the top. The barracks or lodgings of the foldiers (bb) were contiguous to this gallery; in some of them roman armours were found; but one especially offered a pitiful aspect. It was the military prison. Some of the Soldiers imprisoned at the time of the fatal cataftrophe, were forgotten in the gênerai confternation, and deprived of the power to escape were pitifully suffocated. Several fkeletous were found fitting in a row, the bones of their legs fiill loaded with heavy chains. | |
| Ad99999 04 028a/eng | Birds LII. Vol. IV. No. 26. WOODPECKERS OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES. In the 28th Number of the III Vol. of our Picture* GalSery we have seen some Woodpeckers natives of Germany» but there are also many and durèrent species of these birds which inhabit the other parts of Europe as well as the other quarters of the World. We are bore m a de acquainted with fix beautiful and variegated foreign species, Fig. 1. The black breasted Woodpecker. (Picus multicolor.) This species is an ir. habitant of Cayenne and Guiana where it is called by the Natives Tukumari. It is about 11 inches long; iscs head which is ornamented with a fine creft, and the neck are orange yellow; the breast is black; and the wings, back, and tail are of a dark brownred, spotted with black; the tips of the fanshaped tail are black and the feet lead coloured. It Îive3 like ail its congenere on the gênerai food of the Woodpeckers wbich conflits in worms and insects. Fig. 2. The Goa-Woodpecker. (Picus Goensis.) It is of a smaller size than the above mentioned and an inhabitant of Goa in Asia. The beautiful creft wbich hangs down from the bind part of it» head, is carmin-red. A fîripe of black runs from beneath the eye» down the back. The wings are fulvous and green. With its pointed bill it hollows the trees. Fig. 3. The Bengal Woodpecker. (Picus Bengalensis.) This beautiful Woodpecker lives in Bengal, It is frnaller than the précèdent species. The little red tuft of feathers on the bind part of its head, the white frripe un der the eyes, the green and yelîow back along with the spotted neck and wings give this bird a beautiful appearance. Fig. 4. The yellow-headed Woodpecker. (Picus chlorocephalus.) Is a Native of Guiana. Its breast and belly, back and tail are Olive» brown, marked by large white spots on the foreparts; neck and head are yellow, the top of the head is red. Fig. 5. The Nubian Woodpecker. (Picus Nubicus.) "We fee hère an A£rican Woodpecker and an inhabitant of Nubia. It meafuies above 7 inches. Ils body is brown, Ipotted and variega« ted with black-, white and yellow. Fig. 6. The yellow Woodpecker. (Picus exalbidus.) This species is called in Cayenne where it is very fréquent, the yellow Carpenter, because it buildà its néft in hollow trees cutting first through the bark horizontally and then piercing downwards a hole 1 or i | |
| Ad99999 04 029a/eng | Insects XXII. Vol. IV. No. 27. BUTTERFLIES. I. Day-Butterflies. T> J. liefe beautiful and variegaterî insects which we ail kviow, conltitute an extenfive tribe of three ClafXes or principal divisions, and 2599 particular and diftinct species. They are provicîed with four expanded wings which are covered with a kirid of mottled duft, that, when loolïed at by a microscop, féëms to be composed of so many lïttle scales laying one over the other. (See Vol. IIL N, 5. of oût Picture Gallerie.) J. liefe beautiful and variegaterî insects which we ail kviow, conltitute an extenfive tribe of three ClafXes or principal divisions, and 2599 particular and diftinct species. They are provicîed with four expanded wings which are covered with a kirid of mottled duft, that, when loolïed at by a microscop, féëms to be composed of so many lïttle scales laying one over the other. (See Vol. IIL N, 5. of oût Picture Gallerie.) Their body is füll of hair, their and mouth is furnisbed with pinchers and a fpiral fnout to fuck the juice of plants and flowers; but remarkable is the threefold transformation, to wbich these insects are subject before they become real butterfîies. From the eggs wbich the female lays, little wormlîke animals proceed wbich are called Caterpillars or Larvae. These Caterpillars live on certain plants and also sometimes on wood, tili arrived at their fui! growth, when they furround themselves with akind of borny web and change in the Chryfalis or Aurelia. In îhis Iituation they live without tiourishment in a dormant Rate, tili at laß, with some (pecies in a few weeks with others in two or fhtee years, the Butterfly issues, wbich, when full grown, pierces and strips the web, propagates its species, and soon after dies. The three principal ClaiTes of Butterflies are as follows: 1. The Day-Buttcrßies or Papillons, 2. The Sphinx or Hawk-Moths. 3. The Fhalaena or Moths. We shall be made acquainted with them in this and the foliowing two Numbers. Dß, y-Butterflies. Of this Class 901 différent species are known. They only fly about during daytime, " when fîtting, they carry their wings erected and clofe to cach other; their threadlike antennae or feelers terminate m a conic form. In the annexed picture we iee three beautiful species in their natural size which are very fréquent in almost erery part of Germany. Fig. 1. The Camberwell Beauty. (Papilio Antiopa.) This butterfly ÇA) measures about 3 inche3 in breadth, and is generally met with about the fruit-trees, on whofe fweet juice it lives. The purple-brown indented wings are edged with a b. right yellow border. The black thorny Caterpillars (ß) , which 3Te marked by black spots, are commonly found on willows, birch and asp-trees and change in a black angular Chryfalis ÇC) from which the Butterfly in the fpace of a fortnight issues. Fig. 2. The Peacock Butterfly. (Papilio Jo.) The Caterpillar (h) of this butterfly is befet ail over with Imall fpines and as black as velveti They are found in great Quantifies on Nett'es. The angular, yellow green Chiyfalis(c) is variegated with fulvoua spots and commonly fîicks with the inferior point to the walls. After 12 or 14 days the beautiful butterfly Ça) cornes forth, marked with various spot3 in the form of the eyes of a peacock's tail. Fig. 3. The red admirable Butterfly. (Papilio Atalanta.) The différent colours of this butterfly ÇA) are black, purple-red, and white. It appaars often in fpring, but is abundantly found in the Month of August fluttering about the blofToms of beans and other plants. The thorny Caterpillar CE) is met with on nettles. The grey, angular Chryfalis (C) from which the butterfly issues aûer a fortnight, is also found hanging on the walls. | |
| Ad99999 04 030a/eng | Insects XXIII. Vol. IV. No. 28. BUTTER FLIES. II. The Sphinx or Hawk-Moths. 1 he Sphinx or Hawk-Moths, of which at present 165 species ave known, are the fécond Class of Butteiflies. Tlieir wings are longer tlian those of the day butterflies and are deflexed wlien the infect is at reft. Their body is also stronger and their antennae are thick in the middle and somewhat tapering towards the point. It is onîy at day break, and during tvviligbt tliat they flutter about to fuck witli their fnout the honey juice of flowers continually humming and foaring in the air. During day time they reft quietîy and inactif on trees and walls. The caterpillars of this Class are large, beautifully pencilled, and provided with a kind of horn upon the ta il. Their transformation happens generally in the earth where the black or brown Chrvfalis l fallu darauti» remains the whole winter. In the following fpring the Butterfly appears. In. the annexed picture we are madeacquainted with two beautiful species of this Class along with their caterpillars and Chryfalis in their natural size. Fig. 1. The Death-Head. (Sphinx Atropos.) The Death-Head QA) is the largest species of this Class; it occurs in many parts of Germany, but is properly a native of Africa andAmelica; it is only known in Europe fince the introduction of potatoes; and the blue and yellowstriped caterpillars ÇB~) delight to fearch for their nourishment on the potatoe-herb where they generally are found in August and September, though they sometimes are also met with on Jasmin and Carrots. They change into the red brown Chryfalis (C) which paffes the winter under ground. This Butterfly was in former times a frightful animal to common people. The yellowish drawing on its breast was generally taken for a Death-head; its fluttering about in the middle of the night, and its noify humming, together with the plaintif tune which the rubbing of its hard breast-shields produces, were fufficient reafons to make people believe, that this innoxious infect was the harbinger of illness and misfortune and the fore*runner of plague, war, and famine. Indeed a ridiculous fable! Fig. 2. The eyed Hawk-Moth. (Sphinx ocellata.) The Caterpillar (b~) is yellow green, mar» ked by a quantity of white stripes dispofed in a transverse direction. It is frequently found on willows and lime-trees, on alders, oaks and beeches from which it is eaßly shaken off. The Caterpillar changes under ground, into a black Chryfalis (c). The superior wings of this Butterfly Ça) are marbled with red and grey, and edged in a finuous form. The inferior wings are of a pink colour, marked with eyes of blue and black. | |
| Ad99999 04 031a/eng | Insects XXIV. Vol. IV. No. 29. BUTTERFLIES. III. Phalaena. 1 lie third and mofr. numerous Class-is tliat of The Phalaena of which tili no\7 1529 species are known. When fitting, they let their wings hang downwards like the Sphinx. Their Antennae are somewhat like briftles and decreasing in size from the bafe to the apex. Except forne few species they only fly ahout in the night. Their fluttering is aukward and heavy but quiet and without humming. During day thne they fit stiîl on walls and trees as well as on the grass. The Gaterpiliars are covered with hair and go generally in the night in quest of nourishment. In their transformation the Caterpillars furround themselves with a filklike weh; for which purpofe nature has provided them with a tough juice Corning forth from an opening underneath their mouth; from this juice they Ipin the fine thread of which the Chryfalis coniilïs. They îy sometimes for 2 or 3 years in their web be» fore they change into Butter P ies. The annexed picture shows three différent species in their natural size. Fig. 1. The great Tyger-Moth. (Phalaena Caja.) The superior wings of this species (A) are of a Coffeebrown colour, marked by feveral white ‘(tripes uniting at the bafe; ths inferior wings are of a scarlet colour variegated with black and bîue spots. They are met with the whole fuminer through. The bîack and hairy Caterpillar (B~) lives on nettles, fallet and différent other pbants, and is jaioft frequently found in Juîy on turfy places. Its Chryfalis becomes'a felty web from its fpin»ing all the hair into it. Fig. 2. The Goat-Moth. (Phalaena Cossus.) The large, red Caterpillar (h) of the GoatMoth is especiaîly remarkable. Tt inhabits the trunks of wilfows, oaks, and ahlers and lives on wood. It is very noxions, gnawing the trees with its sharp pinchers in various directions. It défends itself against its enemies with a red juice which it fpouîs with véhémence from its Mouth. It pierces, ail wooden chefts or boxes and can only be kept in glass or. earthen pots. In the third year it covers itself in the trees with a skin of hue chips and changes in the brown rmd yellow Chryfalis (V) which at the tune of ripeness pierces the skin and appears in the new form of the Goat-Moth (a) , which is of a grey and blackish colour. » The french phyfician Lionet who diffected some of these Caterpillars with on aftonishing diligence, discovered 4041 Muscles, befides an enormous quantity of blood-and other Veffels. Fig. 3. The little Emperor-Moth. (Phalaena Pavonia minor.) The Caterpillar (B) of this Butterfly is in Germany frequently found on Rose-bushes, oaks, beeches, etc. It is green and beautifully pencilled with e qüantity of fulvous stars, which gives it an elegant appearance. ît (pins its Chryfalis QC) into a black and yellow longitudinal web in the form of a pair. The Butterfly (Ä) is of a reddish grey and yellow, edged with white; on each of its wings it has a black and white spot in the form ef an eye. | |
| Ad99999 04 032a/eng | Rose III. Vol. IV. No. 30. DIFFERENT KINDS OF ROSES. Fig. 1. The Little Centifolia. (Rosa centifolia minor.) The Unie Centijolia is one of the most pretty and elegant fnecies of Roses. Portugal is faid to be its native country. Mr. Blandford at leaft brought it first from there to England, where it is still called : Blandford-Rose. It bas quite the round form and délicate colour of the large Centifolia, but instead of growing so isolated and fingly, it commonly forms a bunch of J or Q (Towers on one staîk. Its wood is green and bas only a few prichles. On account of its great fullness it beats very fei dorn fruit. The bush is 7 or ß feet bigh. Fig. 2. The French Rose. (Rosa turbinata.) This species is not only ufefuî, but also a great ornament of an elegant gard'en; for, planted with intelligence and eukivated with care o it bas the particular advantage to grow to the heigbt of iQ feet againfi: espaliers or pales, and coniequently furnishes the beft means to decorate walls and arbours. It bas différent names, and is called: sometfmes the Suggar-Rose, Vinegar RoseT the French Rose etc. The flowers which appear in Juin and July, are large, open, and of a bigh colour, but their fmell is not so agreeable as tîiat of the large Centifolia. It flourislies abundantly and has plentiful leaves of a pleafant green, with very few prickles. Its flower cups are somewhat fimilar to tunnels and generally divided in two parts, the upper of which is fmoothr the louer füll of minute prickles. It very fekîom bears any fruit t for the buds soon waste away and peaish. | |
| Ad99999 04 033a/eng | Birds. LIII. Vol. IV. No. 31. DIFFERENT KINDS OF SHRIKES. VV e have seen various Speeres of Shrike9 in Number 47 of die III. Vol, of our picture Galierie; we are hère made acquainted with fix other Speeres, foine of wbich are beautifully pencilled. Fig. 1. The jocose Shrike. (Lanius jocosus.) This slender and lively Bird is of the size of a common lark, and inhabits différent parts of China, Ben gai and the coaft of Coromandel. The colour of its back and wings is yellow brown; its breast and belly are of a dirty white; beneath the eyes and tail it is marked with Rose coloured spots, and on the hind part of its head some feathers of a brown colour form a loofe creft. Fig. 2. The Rock-Shrike. (Lanius infaustus.) Ax. the firfi hght this Species as well as the jocofe Shrike feem to belong to the kind of throftles, but their crooked bill is an evident proof of their being of the Shrike-race. This species is jto be found on the Mountains of Tyrol and Swizzerîand, in France and Iraly. On account of its turreful finging it is frequently kept in cages, its length is generally 7 J inches; the colours of its feathers are yellow-red, blew and brown. Why this bird in German and Latin is cal]ed the Unhappy, is unkn. own, but probably superst. ition has iuggefîed the Idea. Fig. 3. The blak-headed Shrike. (Lanius melanocephalus.) This beautiful Inhabitant of the southern Islands, which only foine of the late Travellers brought to Europe, is ahout 6 inches long. Its principal colour is olive green except the tail which has a large black band aeross, and yellow ends. Fig. 4. The crested Shrike. (Lanius Canadensis.) measures about 6 inches and lives in Canada, The long brown-red feathers of its head form a hanging creft. It3 breast is of a yellow leather-colour, the belly dirty white, the back tawny, and the wings black, crofTed by lèverai Üripes of white. Fig. 5. The blue Shrike. (Lanius bicolor.) A beautiful species which is only to be met with in the Island of Madagascar. It generally lives on insects. Its size is larger then that of the crefted Shrike meafuring about 6 § inches in length. The upper part of its body is azuré; breast and belly are of a fhining white; bill and feet of a blakish colour. Fig. 6 The pied Shrike. (Lanius doliatus.) measures also about 6 f inches. The whole Bird is neatîy pencilled with undulated white and black stripes. It is an Inhabitant of Cayenne. | |
| Ad99999 04 034a/eng | Plants. LXXX. Vol. IV. No. 32. MEDICINAL PLANTS. Fig. 1. The Senna. (Cassia Senna.) J. he Senna-leaves which are îsnown and ufed every-where as a purging remedy, coine from the Senna, a busb of 3 or 4 feet high, which feldom laits above a Year. Tins busli grows frequently in Syria, Arabia and Egypt; especially in Egypt it is a very important article of commerce, and the beft Senna cornes from Alexandria to Europe. The Senna thrires also by Culture in différent parts of Italy and the South of France, but the leaves are with regard to their virtue much inferiour to those of Egypt, and the only préférence they bave, is, that they are to be bad frefber. The small oblong leaves grow clofe and oppofite to one another on the thin stalks. The ycllow five leaved flowers QA~) form along with their stems a kind of ears; and the oval feeds îye, feparated one from the other by particular husks in the green pods (jB). The leaves contain a thickisb, strong fmeïling volatile Oil wbich may be extracted by infufion and this oil alone produces the purging virtue in the leaves. In order to make the opération stronger, the Senna-leaves muff not be boiled; for in boiling the oil évaporâtes; only bot water muß be poured over them and the décoction ufed. Fig. 2. The Quassy wood. (Quassia amara.) The ÇuoJJy-wood is also well known, and certainly for its falubrious virtues of great consequence. It forms a busb of a middîe size and is to be found in différent parts of South America especially in Cayenne and Surinam, where it grows wild though not very fréquent on the sides of the rivers. The oblong pointed leaves grow by three or four pair on the ilalks, which have winglike prolongations on both Sides ÇA). The five leaved scarlet flowers fiand like bunches clofe to one another ÇB~). The root of this busb (c) which becomes sometimes as thick as an arm is ufed in Medicine. A Negro called Quaffi or Cuaih first discovered its médicinal viitues and from him the Bush is still in medicine called QuaJJîa. The root is very üght and loofe but pretty compact; it contains a bitter StufFwhich may be extracted even by cold water, and which in difFerent especially nervous difeafes is ufed with good effect. Far the genuine Quaffy, which is pretty dear, very often another kind is fubftituted which is much inferiour in its qualities. |
