Semantische Suche
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| Ad99998 04 064a/eng | Antiquities XI. Vol. IV. No. 62. MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF THE ANCIENTS. Lyres and Guitars or Lutes. The present picture shews us the Lyres and Guitars or Lutes of the Ancient Greeks and Romans in différent îorms. The Lyre is perhap. s the most ancient Infirument known. The tune of its invention is beyond the reach of hiftory. The shell of a turtle or the scull of an animal into which a pair of ox-or goat-horns or a couple of tree-branches were stuck, a pièce of wood fastened accross thèse horns and stringed with gut or wire-ftrings, were perhaps the firlt ingrédients of the Lyre, which afterwards by art has been so much embelliihed with gilding and other decorations. Thus the différent forais of the Lyre represented in Fig. 1. 3. 4. 5. J. 8» and 10 took their rife. In later times the Guitar, represented in Fig. 2, 6, and 9, proceeded from the Lyre and soon became a more finished instrument; it was provided with pegs and a belly and commonly stringed with seven harmonious strings. Its tone therefore was stronger and more melodious than that of the Lyre. The Greeks and Romans ufed the Lyre with the odes art their facrifices, banquets and feafts, or whenever one of their poets and bards fung a hymn or fong in publick, and hence that part of poetry which contains airs, or single stanzas, is still callcld Lyrick Poetry. | |
| Ad99998 04 065a/eng | Plants. LXXXVII. Vol. IV. No. 63. EXOTICK PLANTS. The tuberous Cyperns. (Cyperus esculentus.) This plant is become remarkable in Gevmany fince its small tuberous root has been recommended and ufed in ihe room of coffee. It belongs to the grass gender and is also sometimes called: Cyperus-Grass. It is a native of the Orient especially of the Levant and Egyptt where is grows wild. Fig. 1. shews this plant in its natural size, when Hals grown, and resembling to a common grass-fhrub. Its copious capillaceous roots are füll of little white knots which, when full grown, become those knobs (Fig. a et b) that commonly are called the luberous cypemsoxsometimes Earth-Almonds. In Fig. 2. the plant appears in its full growth with the tuberons roots which are taken ont of ground like potatoes. The knobs are commonly covered with 5 rows of scales or rather hufks which lie one upon anolher like tiles, as may be seen in Fig. a. et b. where they are represented in their natural size. They have an agréable taste very much like almonds and are eaten either raw or roafted. In Italy a very good beverage and différent dishes are prepared from them. When roafted like coffee they afford a beverage fimilar to coffee. Hence they not only have been recommended and made ufe of in the room of coffee but the plant is also frequently cultivated and begins to constitute an article of trade. | |
| Ad99998 04 066a/eng | Insects. XXVII. Vol. IV. No. 64. INSECTS OF CHINA. Almost all the natural products of China, as flowers, birds, fish, insects have generally very bright and lively colours, as we have i'een in many o£ the foregoing pictures. The différent species of insects represented in the present picture give us another proof of it. Fig. 1. The Spotted Locust. (Grillus morbillosus.) This locust is ahout 2l inches long and oi very gay colours. Its-breaft is red; the wing-cafés are of a dark-green blue, and the underwings of a beautiful red, adorned with black spots. The body is black crofl'ed by red and yellow stripes. The legs are yellovv. It is represented flying. Fig. 2. The Striped Buprestis. (Buprestis vittata.) The Buprestis (the burn cow or burst cow) has certainly amoug the insects the most beautiful colours as may appear from the present figure. It is variegated with yellow, blue, and orange-Stripes and the colours are extremely lively and glittering. Fig. 3. The ocellated Buprestis. (Buprestis occellata.) This kind exceeds the former in beauty, for its wing being cafés ornamented with blue, yellow and red eyes and shields. The Chinel'e ufe the wing-cafés of this as well as of the former kind for embroideries and other ornaments of dress and fumiture. Fig. 4. The China-beetle. (Scarabaeus Chinensis.) The China beetle resembles entirely the European except its glittering emerald-colour. Its legs are yellow. Fig. 5. The Spotted Spider. (Aranea maculata.) This spider is by far not so hideous as our common spider. It has a fil very grey breast under which its head (Fig. a.) is generally hidden. The body is oval and flender and its colour a beautiful yellow and red. Its extended legs are very osten 3 or 4 feet Iong. Fig. 6. The China Peranthus. (Papilio Eques Peranthus.) This beautiful butterfly belongs to the Day-butterflies or papillons of China and on acebunt of its pointée! underwings to the equestrian kind (Equités). It is even in China scarce and hence a true ornament of the collections of insects. | |
| Ad99998 04 067a/eng | Birds. LXV. Vol. IV. No. 65. SCARCE GERMAN BIRDS. Fig. 1. The long legged plover. (Charadrius himantopus.) This rare bird belongs to the tribe of the marfh-birds, and especially to the kind of the plovers. Its size may be compared to that of the golden or green plover. Its long, extraordinarily thin and nimbleî; legs give it a peculiar appearance. The back is of a fhining black; the quill -feathers are brown, edged with white; head, neck and breast are white. It occurs on the sides of the Danube and other large rivers, but is also sometimes met with as a bird of passage. It runs and flies with uncommon fwiftness and fubfifts chiefly on Water-infects. Fig. 2. The Avoset. (Recurvirostra avosetta.) This bird is also called the sco per; It belongs on account of the form of its bill to the crooked bills of the marfh-birds; It equals in regard to its size and legs the long legged plover but its body is much thicker and its feet are provided with a fwim-membrane like the feet of a duck. Its colour consists of grey, white and black. It lives in Europe and Asia but is very fréquent, especially in fummer upon the fwedish Island Orland, on the coasts of the Baltic, and in Denmark. It is a bird of passage. that migrâtes with the beginning of winter to warmer régions. Its flesh is eatable. Fig. 3. The Small Bittern or Bittour. (Ardea stellaris.) The fmali Bittern is a folitary but beautiful marfh-bird, which lives in the most fequestered reed-banks, and never cornes forth in day-time. In regard to its size it is superiour to the thrufh; its fhape is that of the common Bittern. Its colour is of a tawny caft mixed with black. It lives on small fïfhes, waterfnails and frogs, and is also a bird of passage. Fig. 4. The Rose-coloured Thrush. (Turdus rossus.) This beautiful bird occurs in Europe as well as in Asia, but is by far not so fréquent in Germany as it is in Sweden, Lapland, and Switzerland. It is a bird of passage and cornes especially in July atid August in large flocks into Turkey and Syria, where it sinds a plentiful fubfifreuce from the locufts, whence in those countries it is still considered as a holy bird. It is also called the field-thrufh from its refiding frequently in the fields or on the dunghills where it feeds on insects. It generally grows to the size of a starling. The body is Rose-coloured but its head, throat, wings and tail are of a dark-blue glittering green. Its head is adorned with a beautiful fhining Greft. It is not easily to be tamed. | |
| Ad99998 04 068a/eng | Flowers. Vol. IV. No. 66. FLOWERS OF CHINA. The Hydrangea. (Hydrangea hortensis.) The native country of this exquisite and beautiful flower is China and Japan where it was difeovered as an ornamental plant by some Englishmen who first brought it to England; it was introduced some years ago into our gardens where it still lias the first rank among the flowers of fashion. It Avas first called Hortenfia but is now generally named by Botanists Hydrangea. Its bush commonly attains the height of 12 or 16 inches and is provided with superb dark-green oval leaves cuspi dated on both their ends. Its large flower-bundles which very osten have 6 or g inches in diameter partake very much of the form of a double guelderRose and give it a most beautiful aspect. These bundles which appear in May and June, are at first of a yellow green caft, but soon change into the fineft Rose colour, and become of a pale violet before they entirely fade. They last about two months. Their size, beauty and fplendour charm the eye, but they are deftitute of ail fragrancy. The Hydrangea, tho' not of a very tender nature, only thrives in Germany in hot houfes or at leaft in luch rooms, where no frost can penetrate. | |
| Ad99998 04 069a/eng | Antiquities. XII. Vol. IV. No. 67. MASKS OF THE ANCIENTS. The Masks of the Ancients were chiefly destined for tlieir theatrical representations which were pevformed in day time in the large Amphitheaters that very osten contained twenty th ouf and fpectators. They took their orisein from the feafts of Bacchus in the time of grape gatherirjg, when the revelling vintagers disgaiîeâ themselves, and painting their faces with the lees of red wine, performed ail forts of plays and farces. When the Theater in later times was regulated, the artful masks were invented whose vizors or face-masks represented certain designed features; and (1) the tragick masks for the Tragedy (2) the comical masks for the Comedy and (3) the Bacchuse mask for the satyre and the pastorals were introduced. Tragick masks are represented in Fig. 1. 2. 3. and 8. Comical masks in fig. 7. and 10. and Bacchus's masks in fig. 4. 5 6. and 9. The masks of the Ancients consisted not only of a Vizor or mafk for the face, like those of our times, but of a whole complète head whofe fore and hind parts opened; they were put on like helmets and gave the players the proper features for the character they performed. These masks had generally large open mouths which like a fpeaking trumpet strengthened the aclor's natural voice and made him be understood in every corner of the large structure, that was furniihed ail around with rows of feats or benches for the convenience of the auditors. Something like these characteriftick masks lias been preferved to cur days on the Théâtre of the Italians where the principal characters as for instance : Harlecmin, the Doctor, Tartaglia and Brighello have their proper masks and dreffes in which the actors perform their parts according to their re~ fpective characters. | |
| Ad99998 04 070a/eng | Insects. XXVIII. Vol. IV. No. 68. A BUTTERFLY OF CHINA. The brown Atlas. This enormous butterfly which is a native of China, belongs to the class of the moths and is superiour in magnitude to ail the kncnvn butterflies; for it equals the size of a common bat. China is not alone its native country but it is likewife met with in the hot régions of the Eaft-and Weft-Indies where in gênerai the insects are of a superiour magnitude and beauty to those in our countries. Its colour is a beautiful cinamon brown variegated with yellow, black, white and blue and of a most elegant aspect. It is principally remarkable for a triangulär spot in each of the wings which being edged with a black line consists of a thin glass-like fkin so transparent that any object, like the orange branches in our picture, may be seen as if it were through a window. Its Caterpillar which is about four inches long and as thick as a raan's finger, lives on orangetrees and spins itself into a thick coccon the web of which is ufed by the Chinese as a kind of coarfe filk for different stuffs. | |
| Ad99998 04 071a/eng | Roses. V. Vol. IV. No. 69. DIFFERENT KINDS OF ROSES. Fig. 1. The Basil-Domason Rose. (Rosa damascena basilica.) J-his beautiful flower belongs to the kind of the Domafon Roses as not only its long and oval feed-bud, but also the whole form of it proves. The bufh which is füll of fhort thorns, commonly attains the height of 3 or 4 feet, and its leaves are very fmooth and dark green. The flower is pretty large and remarkable for its colour white, being Hals red and Hals white, in gênerai is so particularly divided in the middle of the flower, that very osten one Hals appears quite white and the other quite red, though commonly the. white leaves be meddled with red. The flower is a truc ornament of our gardons and its fmell extraordinarily pleafant. Fig. 2. The single yellow Rose. (Rosa lutea simplex.) The bufh of the Single yellow Rose is about 4 or 6 feet high. Its wood is of a light brown ç. olour and füll of thorns. It belongs to the species of the Ëglantine Rose on account of its pleafant fmelling leaves, which are narrow, feathered and indented. Its long and flender stalks have plenty of very'pretty lemon coloured flowers, but their fmell is neither strong nor agreeable. This species is not very délicate and hence the more qualified for an ornamental plant in a garden. | |
| Ad99998 04 072a/eng | Birds. LXI. Vol. IV. No. 70. GERMAN BIRDS OF PREY. Fig. 1. The peregrine Falcon. (Falco peregrinus.) This Falcon resides in the rocky mountains of the Northern parts of Europe, Asia and America, but also occurs frequently in Germany, especially in Thuririgia and the Ilercynian foreft. On acconnt of its strength, boldness and docility it is very osten tvained to chai'e hairs, rabbits, and partridges. It (lies to an euorrnous height, and not feldom ahnoft out of huinan fight, continually foarnig in a circle tili it perceives its prey upon which it darts down like an arrow. It chiejly commits the greatest dévastations among the wild fowl of the woods and the field. In October it migrâtes into warmer régions and returns in the month of March whence its naine is derived. Its length, measured from head to ta il, is 22 inches. dark brown variegated vvith black. Its colonr is light and The Kestrel. Fig. 2. The Male. Fig. 3. The Female. (Falco tinnunculus.) The kestrel which is also called the stonegall, the stannel or Windhover, commonly inhabits church-fteenles or otlier fèquestered towers. It is somewhat smaller in size than the peregrine falcon and only 16 inches long. It belongs, especially the maie, to the prêttieft kinds of falcons. Its colour is a kind of blue grey which is variegated with yellow, brown and black, in a m oft elegant mamier; the seinale is of a pale yeîlow colour, mixed with darkbrown and black. It is very fréquent in Germany and preys on pigeons, ail kinds of small birds, field-mice, quails, pr^-tridges and young hairs. This falcon is the terror of the small finging birds and the lark tumbles from the air like doad when it perceives the keftrel. It is rnuch purfued, by the hunters for its being so nuxious to the chafe of small garne. Fig. 4. The Kite. (Falco milvus.) The size of the kite is nearly îhat of the peregrine falcon. Its colour coufifts of yellow, a ferruginous brown and black. Its tail is forked whence its german name is derived. This ravenous bird is very frequeul in Germany and lives commonly about -the villages where it very osten comrnts liavock among the poultry, continually preying on hens, geefe and ducks. It feeds also sometirnes on Carrion. It is of so coward and timorous a nature that fparrovv-hawks and even ravens force it very osten to let go its prey. Fig. 5. The Goshawk. (Falco palumbarius.) The Croshawk is met vvith in Europe and Asia. It is very bold and intrepkl and. preys generally on wild and tarne fowl. It is of an untractable nature and very feldom brought, to any degree of tameness. It builds its nest on lofty trees, and pigeons are its favourite food. When t'. vo Years old it changes its plumage and becomes of a nuthrown colour, whence. Fig. 6. The poultey falcon (Falco gallinarius.) which was thought to be another species, is but. a Goshawk two. years old, RosembÜMg the above mentioned in size and figure, and only differing from it in regard to its feathérs and colour. | |
| Ad99998 04 073a/eng | Birds. LXII. Vol. IV. No. 71. PIGEONS OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Fig. 1. The Crimson-Pigeon. (Columba rosea.) J-he beautiful crimfon-pigeon is certainly one of the fineft birds that ever was brought to Europe from the Indies. It is a domeftical fowl which in ils size equals our pigeons. Its plumage is of a fhining crimfon, changing in lèverai places into a beautiful Rose-colour. The crown of the head, the throat, the orbits of the eyes, and the tips of the upper wing-feathers are white; tail and quill-feathers are brown. The Eaft-Indians keep this beautiful pigeon frequently in their poultryyards. Fig. 2. The golden-wing pigeon. (Columba chalcoptera.) This pretty bird which is about the size ef a common wood-culver lives in a favage Itate in New-Holland. The prevailing colour of its feathers is a pale-silvery grey, but the wings are of an extraordinary bright eaft, and feem to be covered with gold yielding a par. ticular luftre of red, yellow andgreen; whence thenam is derived. Fig. 3. The Azure-crown pigeon. (Columba coronata.) The crown-pigeon which inhabits the Molucca-and other Ealt-Indiari islands, is a very giant among thejpigeons, approaching very near the size of a turkey. The colour of its feathers is an azuré grey varied with purpie fhades. Its head is embellished with a crown of the famé colour, which gives the bird a beautiful appearance. It builds its nest 011 trees and \s but feldom brought to any degree oftamenes. In Germany it occurs sometimes in the collections of animals (Ménageries) , It lives like other pigeons on grains especiaily upon ri ce. | |
| Ad99998 04 074a/eng | Insects. XXIX. Vol. IV. No. 72. BUTTERFLIES OF SURINAM. Fig. 1. et 2. The brown Page. The two butterflies of Surinam, which are represented in the annexed picture, are in size and beauty by far superiour to those of Europe. That of N. 1. , generally called the brown Page, is certainly a most beautifully pencilled butterfly; its back (Fig. 1.) is of an elegant ferruginous brown, varied with lighthrownbands; its lovver wings are edged with a yellow border. A large yellow spot in the form of an eye adorns the upperwings and two like spots, edged with white borders decorate the undef ones. Its lower parts (Fig. 2.) exceed the back in beauty, being variegated with white, yellow, red and brown and interlaced with transverse stripes or veins of black. The lower wings are beautifully eyespotted. Fig. 2. et 3. The blue Adonis. The blue Adonis is still handfomer than the preceding species and is certainly one of the fineft butterflies of Surinam. Its upper side (Fig. 3.) is of a fky-blue caft. The extremities of the four wings are black and the upperwings marked by white spots; but the lower paits are so variegated and mottled with a peculiar pcarl-grey, with red, yellow, brown and black that it hardly be poffib le to fee an infect of a more elegant aspect. Both these butterflies are natives of Surinam; they live upon the juice vhkh they, by means of their fpiral fnout fuck of plants and flowers. | |
| Ad99998 04 075a/eng | Fish. XXXV. Vol. IV. No. 73. GERMAN RIVER FISH. Fig. 1. The River-trout. (Salmo Schiffermülleri.) The silver trout is ore of the most remarkable German river-fish. It inhabits not only the large rivers and lakes of Germany and Switzerland, but also occurs in the Baltic, and is consequently not only a river but also a fea-fish. It grows to a large size meafuring three feet in length and vveighing from fix to ten pouhds. Belonging to the class of trouts its flesh is very tender and well tasted. It is a fish of prey and lives upon frogs and small fish. Fig. 2. The blue trout. (Salmo Wartmanni.) The blue trout is found in the lakes of South-Germany especially in that of Confiance where it affords great profit to the fishermen. Its nanie is derived from its colour which becomes of a green-blue caft wheiï the fish attains the seventh year of âge. Belonging to the Class of trouts its flesh is of an excellent tafie. It measures about a foot and a Hals. From May to October an enormous quantity is caught in the lake of Confiance, where it is either eaten frefh or marinated in barrels iike the lampreys and exported into other countxies. Fig. 3. The Umble. (Salmo umbla.) The Umble is allô of the Trout-Kind. It never surpasses the length of [J foot and is reckoned an excellent eating. It principally abounds in the lake of Geneva; The immenfe quantities caught in this lake are for the greatest part exported to France. Its flesh becomes of a reddish colour, whenboiled, like that of the Salmon-trout to which it is nearly allied. Fig. 4. The great Maraena. (Salmo Maraena.) The great Maraena which attains a length of 3 or 4 feet muft also be ranged in the class of the trouts. It is not only common to the lakes of the Northern parts of Germany especially of Pomerania, but also to those of Switzerland and Italy. It only feeds on worms and insects and generally lives at the bottom of the water. The flesh is reckoned extremely good. Fig. 5. The little Maraena. (Salmo Maraenula.) The length of this little delicious fish is only about fix or seven inches, its weight never exceeding two or three ounces. It is met with in différent lakes of Germany especially inPruffia, Poland and Silesia where it is very common, fn Winter it is frequentljr caught under the ice. | |
| Ad99998 04 076a/eng | Roses. VI. Vol. IV. No. 74. ROSES. The ever-blowing Rose. (Rosa semperflorens.) The native country of this fweet kind of Roses is China, from whence it was brought to Englandbat fewyears ago. Being therefore not yet accuftomed to our much rougher climate it cannot support the winter in open air, and onlv thrives in pots, vvhen carefully kept in rooms or hot houfes. The bufh never exceeds the height of two or three feet. Stalks and leaves are very tender, and the branches füll with little red thorns. The threelobed leaves very osten are not pennated. The dark coloured species is almost quite fingle, but the pale or light coloured is a fine double flovver. The flower-leaves of the first fort are crifp and of a dark rubin-colour, but those of the pale kind are fmooth and of a pale pink-colour. Both species are of a différent but very fweet and aromatick fmell. This fine flower continues blowing, winter and fummer, whence its name is derived. It also bears fruit sometimes. | |
| Ad99998 04 077a/eng | Antiquities. XIII. Vol. IV. No. 75. NAUMACHIA OF THE ANCIENTS. Naumachia of the ancient Romans was a great magnificent building in the form ofau Amphithéâtre and very much like a Circus. The large open place encompaffed by the building, was si lied with water at plea^ure, and formed a little lake upon which naval combats orfeafightswere exbibited. The boats ufed in these combats had either one row of Gars, as in (Fig. 2,), or two as, in (Fig. 3.); sometimes they were allô provided with three rows. Criminals condemned to death, sometimes also prifoners of war were the warriors that fought for life and death in these boats, only to amufe the people who were fitting round and to whomthis terrible spectacle was sometimes given by the Emperours. The Naumachia represented in the annexed picture layon theSide of theTyber with an inletfrom that river. One may iudge of the grandeur of these buildings by that which was built in thereign of Augustus. Tt was 1800 feet long and 200 broad, and 30 boats with three rows of oars befides many other little boats had room enough for combat. As the Ancients had no fire-arms, the Cornbatants fought with fpears, pikes, and fwords, and killed one another in a molt cruel m an ner. The victors in these terrible games were not onlv fet at libertv, but also rewarded. 0 J 7 | |
| Ad99998 04 078a/eng | Fish. XXXVI. Vol. IV. No. 76. DIFFERENT KINDS OF SCALE FISH. Several forts'of Scale Fish have already been deferibed in our Picture-Gallery, we are hère made acquainted with some other species. Fig. 1. The Pollack. (Gadus polachius.) The Pollack or Whiting Pollack is found in the Baltic and the German Ocean, principally affociating in great troops on the coasts of England. It is ahout i- | |
| Ad99998 04 079a/eng | Insects. XXX. Vol. IV. No. 77. BUTTERFLIES OF SURINAM. Fig. 1. et 2. The Eurilochus. (Papilio Eurilochus.) No part of the world is so rich in large and fine butterflies than the European Colony of Surinam on theEaftern coaft of fouth-America. The warm and damp Climate feems to forward the increafe of these beautiful insects which amaze us so osten with their size and the beauty of their superb col ours. We fee hère the Eurilochus one of the largest Day-Eutterflies of Surinam represented ou its two sides. It measures in breadth from wing to vving more than seven inebes and about 3* inches in length. The large upperwings are brown lined with an orange border and variesated with yellowishbands and eyes. The underwings are of a fhining blacsc and also edged with an orange border which highly increafes the beauty of the butterfly. Towards the body the underwings are yellow, the yollow colour being difpofed with the utznoft accuracy in an arcuate fegment. The outfide of the wings is marbled with yelîow and brown and particularly adorned with an eye of a dark violet colour which is lined with a yellow border having a white crefeent in its middle. Though the colours of ihis butterfly be not so very brillant, yet their pleafant mixture gives the insects a peculiar charm and heauty. | |
| Ad99998 04 080a/eng | Birds. LXIII. Vol. IV. No. 78. ASIATIC BIRDS. Fig. 1. The Thibet-Peacock. (Pavo tibetanus.) J his Peacock is met with in feveral parts of Asia but especially in Thibet. It is aboutthe size of a Pinado or Guinea-hen except the tail which is much longer. The prevailing colour of its plumage is a silvery grey with white stripes and spots. The upperwings and tail are marked by brown spots in the form of eyes, which towards light change into a bright violet and gold green colour. The upper part of the head is brown, the feet are of a yellow-grey and provided with a double fpur. Fig. 2. The Argus or Luen. (Phasianus Argus.) The Argus is of equal magnitude with our common peacock but the brillant tail of the latter feems to be transplanted on the wings of the Argus. The extraordinary long and large brown wing-feathers are beautifully adorned with eyes of darker colours. Head and neck are of a fhining Azuré blûe. The two middle feathers of the tail, which are much longer than the reft, are mottled with whiteStarlike spots. This beautiful ëyespotted pheafant is properly an inhabitant of China and of so délicate a nature, that it hardïy lives a few months in confinement. Fig. 3. The Pheasant of Indostan. (Phasianus curvirostris.) The Pheafant of Indoftan is extremely scarce and has but lately been introduced into Europe. Lady Impey was the iïrst that brou g ht some alive to England which however soon died. It approaches the size of our common pheafant. Its plumage is very agreeably variegated with azuré, red, green and yellow. The single isolated feathers upon its head give it a peculiar appearance. These feathers consist of long bare quills befet at the top with little tufts of feathers which at the diftance have the appearance of corn-ears. The habits and manner of living of this fowl are as vet but little known. | |
| Ad99998 04 081a/eng | Miscell. Subj. XLIII. Vol. IV. No. 79. AERONAUTICA. Nothing ever occafioned so much admiration, uothing e. er excifed more the délire of imitation than the fîight of bircls. In the carlieft âges, as tradition informs us, attenants were made to rife in the air by the help of art fui wings which they tied on their arms and Je£s, and to four about at pleafure in a less heavy élément; yet ail these attempts i'ailed for want of the fuitable proportion of the wings. The question was to invent a Machine whufe weight joined with the weight of a man would be less than the weight of the atmofpere that fnrrounded them, and which in coniequence of its greater Hghtness would mount in the air. The fïrst fuccessful attempts of this kind were made in France by the Brothers Montgolfier in the Year 1-782 They made a large hollow machine of Taffeta in the form of a globe, and attenuated the air by bUrning paper and straw. By these means the globe really asceuded in the air and the long wished for invention fucceeded wiieu at last expected. Montgoifier ealârged bis globe of taffeta (Fig. 1.) he encompasscd it with a gallery, in whofe middle the l'ire hearth(c) was place 1, and the 2t of November in the year 1783 Pilaire de Rozier made the first expédition in the air. This kind of Air-Balloon, raifed by heated Air, received from its inventor the Name of Montgolfière. The fécond fort which was called the Aeroftate was contrived in the famé Year by Mr. Charles pRoseffor of Natural philofopby atParis. Ile filled aGlobe of Taffeta and of 26 feet in diameter with combuftibfe air which was prepared in little barrels (b) from iron-filings and oil of vitriol and through the large pipe conducted into the Balloon. A kind of a little boat was fastened to the globe with filk cords and the contriver afeende-d with the greatest fuccess in the air. The defeent or getting down is effected by opening a valve through which the heavier air of the atmofphere is admitted by degrees. In the Montgolfière the famé is effected by diminishing the fire. In café of some fatal accident happening to the Balloon, the Aeronaute may fave bimFels by a kind of Umbrello (ßg. 3.) which was invented by Blanchard a famous Aeronaute. It consists of a thick strong stuff extended over some hpops; the Aeronaute fits in a kind of string-bafket fastened with cords to the upper part. The air collecting und er the umbrello hinders its precipitate falling, and produces only a gentle defeent. | |
| Ad99998 04 082a/eng | Miscell. Subj. XLVI. Vol. IV. No. 80. NORTHERN CURIOSITIES. Fig. 1. Fowling in the Orkney and other Northern islands. An the Orkney and other rocky islands of the Arctic Pole nature has but fparingly provicied for the fuhfiftance of the inhabitants. Their principal food consists in fish, fea-fowl and their eggs. Nothing f urpaff es the boldness of fowling in this island. The bir. Imen cîimb under thoufand dangers on long pôles from cliff to cliff, or descend on ropes to enormons depths. They are also amazingly expert and dexterous in piercing into the crevices and précipices and in feizing, especially in the hatching time, the black backed gull, the âiver and the fooUfh Guillemot along with their young-ones, and eggs. If the rocks are too distant from one another, as it is the café in the island Noss represented in the annexed picture (Fig. 1.) they throvv with the utmost dexterity a rope on the oppofite rock and faftening'i a fort of wooden feat to it, they descend by the help of some cords and puileys to which fide they pleafe. Many indeed perish in this dargerons chace but cuftom and neceffity encourage the remaining to defv every danger. Fig. 2. The Geyser and Heckla in Iceland. In the large north on Island of Tcehnd the anima! and vegetable création offer no particular curiufities but the more striking ave the productions of the minerai création. The whole island feenis to be undermined witli fubterranean volcances which breaking out in many places form warm and hot fprings and feas, break through the eternal fnow ami fields of ice and produce every where the most striking phaenomèna; but nothing is more worth of attention than the warm fpring of the Geyser (Fig. 2.) on the southern part of the island, not far from the Volcano which is seen in the back ground. At certain timcs a dull rufhing-like that of a diftant torrent is heard under the bafon of the Geyser which is soon followed by a noife very like the firing of a canon, whereupon a thick and mighty column of hot boiling water fpouts to the height of 100 feet and more fending forth at the lame time pièces of rocks which are thrown round to a great diftance. When the fun fhines on the Geyser the rifing vapours produce a kind of rainbow which highly increacesthe beauty of this majestick spectacle. | |
| Ad99998 04 083a/eng | Birds. LXIV. Vol. IV. No. 81. REMARKABLE BIRDS. e « sc h?a: r*F tf« cfo g * US* De f« tiowe itjié. diurne, nous es ‘e belle variété li le Iure anglaii c8 ‘ de ce Canard ei est couverte d'nne e vert et blanche. ileur jaune I cotes de la tète. rentre blanc,. laie trouvent h ir fingi plumetret sont pin« se de petites » i a apporte cette; elle eu Jî $ ! pu parvenir * Fig. 1. The Chinese Kingsfisher. (Alcedo atricapilla.) -I his beautiful bird is an inhabitant of China and dbout 10 inchcs long. Its back and wings are of a fhiuing violet colour; the breast and forepart of the neck are white; the belly of a dirty yellow caft. Fig. 2. The ground-parrot. (Psittacus terrestris.) This fine bird belongs to the new discoveries which the English have made butlately in New-Holland. It never exceeds the size of a turtle-do ve. The chief colour of its plumage is green, the bacjc and wings being markerl b) feveral transverse 9tripes of black. The ontfide fea'hers of the tail which is clubfhaped and tapering to a point, are of a reddish colour and also croffed by feveral transverse stripes of black; the legs are by far more flender than those of other parrotsî thé discriminating character of this fine bird coufifts in its living on the ground, for it never resides on trees, but, contrary to the euftom of other parrots, it runs, like a quail, continually on the ground, catching insects and Caterpillars on which it generally lives. From this habit its narae is derived. Fig. 3. The crested Chinese duck. (Variety.) (Anas galericulata. Var.) This beautiful duck belongs even in its native countries China and Japan to the rare kinds of birds; it is pretty dear, and generally kept as an ornament in the gardens oi the Chinese Mandarins (a Chinese Nobleman or first Magiftrate). We are hère made acquainted with a beautiful variety of the Chinese duck, represented in one of the most fplendid english éditions. A gênerai defeription of the-kind has been made in N. l6 of this Volume. The plumage of the present species or rather variety is beautifully peneilled; a superb creft of violet, green and white feathers rifes on the top of the head and the sides are adomed with fui vous tufts intermixed with white. The colour of the breast is violet, that of the belly white. Tvvo plumes of feathers anfing between the wings give the bird a peculiar aspect, they are formed by the inward yellow-red back-feathers which stand erect in the form of little fails. Many of the crefted Chinese ducks have been brought to England, but ail the attempts to make them hatch have proved unfuccess fui; probably a consequence of tlieir extraordinary delicacy. | |
| Ad99998 04 084a/eng | Insects. XXXI. Vol. IV. No. 82. REMARKABLE INSECTS. Fig. 1. 2. et 3. The large Emperor-Moth. (Phalaena Bombyx Pavonia major.) The large Emperor-moth (Fig. 3.) of wliich the little one feems to be a variety, is the largel't moth of Germany meafuring with expanded wings about fix inches in breadth. The upper and lo-wer wings have large marks in the form of an eye, which aie of a cinnamon colour and black, adorned with a blue stripe through the raiddle. From these marks which were compared to the eyespotted feathers of the peacock, the name of the moth is derived. The wings are also diverfified with a variety of colours and embellished wit and arched borders. with différent zigzag ferowls The maie differs from the female in the colour which in the former is of a darker caft. The caterpillar (Fig. 1.) of the large Emperor moth is found in June and July. on cherry-and plum-trees, on willows, floeand horn-beam trees, on birchtrees and oaks. It is of a fweet liahtgreen colour and about four inches long. The body is annulated, and füll of femicircular azuré élévations by which the caterpillar feems to be adorned with stars. At the enà of July it is in its füll growth and furrounds itself with a double web, the outfide of which is a membranaceous cover enclofing a fine filky texture. Being entirely furrounded it changes into a thick brovvn chryfalls (Fig. 2.) which remains -under ground tili next fpring, wheu the beautiful moth issues. | |
| Ad99998 04 085a/eng | Quadrupeds. LXV. Vol. IV. No. 83. THREE KINDS OF MONKEYS. Fig. 1. The Moluck. (Simia Moloch.) The shagginess of the grey hair with which the whole body is covered; the long arms reaching down to the feet; and the bald lighthrown face give this ape a very particular aind itrange appearance. It generally inhabits the Molucca island's and Sumatra and is about three feet high. Affociating in great troops it lives in the forefts chiefly upon bark leaves and fruit. It is of a very gentle and quiet nature and very eafily to be familiarized. Fig. 2. The Entellus of Bengal. (Simia Entellus.) The Entellus is a new Icind of apes which the french naturalist Dufresne has made us acquainted with' some Years ago. Ile received one stuffed, from Bengal its Native country; it grows to aheightof3 | |
| Ad99998 04 086a/eng | Fish. XXXVII. Vol. IV. No. 84. WHALES AND DOLPHINS. Fig. 1. The round lipped Whale. (Balaena Musculus.) XJefides the common Whale there are différent other kinds of Whales. We foc hère one reprefejated that is bj far Leffer in size : the common one. The round lipped or roun/1 nofed Whalé never exceeds the leugth o! 31 feet. The colotir of ils back is black, the louer parts are white. It is remarkablc on account of its enormous mouth in which, vyhen open, two or three men rnay stand ight. It is generally found in the Atlantic Océan and taken in the open lea; It is so füll of bluhber that very osten one of them aiïords about 50 barrels of train-oil. In stormy weather it is some times driven on the Coasts of Norway and then eafily caught in the bays. Its principal food conflits in berrings which it pursues on their migrations. Fig. 2. The Nesarnak. (Delphinus Nesarnak.) The Nefarnak belongs to the trihe of the Dolphins. Tt inhabits the northern parts of the Atlantic Océan; but sclrîom approaching the coaft, it is not frequently caught. It is ab oui ton feet long. Its chief colour is of a blackiih-grey variegated with fevéral transverse bands of a darker Colou It is a fish of prey and its jaws are richly befet with cylindrical teeth. Its flesh and bluhber, tho" not verv well taßed, affords the poor inhabitants of the north a very dainty food. Fig. 3. The bidental Dolphin. (Delphinus Diodon.) This Dolphin is also an inhabitant of the Atlantic Océan where it lives upon small fish. fis 1 engt h is about 40 feet; its colour dark brown incliniug to black, lighter or paler tov/ards the belly. The under-jaw of its beaklike mouth is provided with two large prominent tusks. In the year 1733 one of a very large size was caught in the river Thames in the vicinity of* London. | |
| Ad99998 04 087a/eng | Plants. LXXXIX. Vol. IV. No. 85. DIFFERENT KINDS OF FUCUS. Fucus which is also sometimes called fea-wrack, stands on the loweft degree of the vegetable création. It belongs to the family of flags, and coutains a great quantity of species which differ from one another in size and fhape. There are simple, ramous, and bufhy species; some are but 4 inch-es high, others attain the height of 20 feet. Some are cartilaginous, others coriaceous and tough; others are of a mucilaginous or membranaceous kind. The Fucus are generally met with on the various fea-coasts, but occur also in fresh waters, especially in the mouths of rivers. The coaft-inhabitants dry the Fucus and ufe it as dung. Some species also serve for food to fheep and cattle. Fig. 1. The winged Fucus. (Fucus alatus.) The winged fucus is a very neat plant of a darlc red colour which abounds in the Mediterranean fea as well as in the Baltic, and the German océan. It never exceeds the height of | |
| Ad99998 04 088a/eng | Birds. LXV. Vol. IV. No. 86. FOREIGN BIRDS. Fig. 1. The Condur. (Vultur Gryphus.) J he Condur was long considered as a fabulous bîrdj and faid to be a monfter poffeffed of fach a degree of strength as to carry off an Eléphant; yet nothing pufitive could be afferted of this remarkable bird, tili some of our later travellers made us more acquainted with its natural hiftory. The Condur is met with in Peru, Chili »nd other provinces of South America. It chier!) chofes its lefidence on lofty hills, yet "vifits sometimes the lower régions. It measures vvhen füll grovvn, from wing to wing 15 or 16 feet. The head is like that of other vultures deftitute of feathers. Its plumage is black' with a fhining tinge of blue; It is provided with very large claws, and bold and strong enough to caft clown stags and other like animals. In want of other food it lives upon fish and other maritime animals which it goes in quest of on the fea coasts. The Peruvians are very much afraid of the Condur, as it also sometimes preys upon Childern of 5 and 6 years old. Our picture is a copy of one that's to be seen at the Royal Ctibinet in London. Fig. 2. The Guinea-Vulture. (Vultur Angolensis.) The Guinea-Vultur may on account of its feathered neck and its white plumage he affociated with the rare and pretty kinds of vultures. Its length, measured from the beack to the point of the tail, is abont three feet. Its eyes are adorned with bald rings of a bright red colour. On the wings and back the white plumage varies with brown feathers. It is much livelier than other vultures. Fig. 3. The Hubara or the Collar-Bustard. (Otis Hubara.) The Hubara is a small kind of buftard which lives in the fands of Arabia on herb s and insects. Its colour is white; variegated by différent brown and black stripes and bands, which run across the wings and the tail. The white and black tuft of feathers round the neck exhibit a particular appearance. | |
| Ad99998 04 089a/eng | Quadrupeds. LXVI. Vol. IV. No. 87. FIVE DIFFERENT KINDS OF MONKEYS Fig. 1. The Ascagne. (Simia Ascanius.) J fae Ascagne is a very gentle, fîattering and lively monkey. It is an inhabilant. of Guinea and without its tail a]>out 13 inchés long. It is remarkable for the blue naked fpaces about thc eyes which giveit aparlicular countenance. Each ear is adorned with a tuft of white hair in the form of a Rose. out 13 inchés long. It is remarkable for the blue naked fpaces about thc eyes which giveit aparlicular countenance. Each ear is adorned with a tuft of white hair in the form of a Rose. Fig. 2. The Atys. (Simia Atys.) This little rnonkey lives in the Eaft Indies. It is about 18 inches long and of a whitish oolour. Its fingers and toes as vvell as its face and ears are deftitute of hair, which gives the animal a very tender and délicate appearance. Fig. 3. The Yarqué. (Simia leucocephala.) The Yarqué or white headed Sagouin is no more than 13 inches long. It is covered ail over vvith a coat of long blackhair, except the head which lias very fhort hair of a yellowish côtou'r. Iss tail is very long and furnished with bushy hair like that of a fox. The y «que lives folitary or ass'embling in little herds in the forefts of South America. It is of a very timid and lazy dispofition and hence continu ally*purfued by other monkeys which not feidom fnatch away its food. It generali) " lives upon fruit but is very fond of bées and destroys the beehives vvher ever it ïinàs any. Fig. 4. The brown Tamarin. (Simia Midas.) The brown Tamarin inhabits Guiana where affembling in large troops it fréquents only the lofty woods. This ncat little animal is about the size of our fquirrel and of a very fprightly dispofition. It is eafily brought to a great degree of familiarity but is of so délicate a nature that it feidom iupports the eliniate of Europe. There are many varie ties of this species, as for instance Fig. 5-The black Tamarin which differs from the above mentioned only in the uudulated, brown and black pencilled fpaces on the fidos of its body and the black colonr of its hair. | |
| Ad99998 04 090a/eng | Amphibies. XVI. Vol. IV. No. 88. SEVERAL KINDS OF SEALS. Fig. 1. The great Seal. (Phoca barbata.) -i. he feals as \ve know, constitute a numerous trib'e of various species. We bave iecn the common féal or Sea-calf; hère we are made ac [uainted with the great féal which \s also called the Strap-. Jeal for its fkin being eut into straps and ufed hy the Greenlanders in fifbing. The great féal measures about 12 feet. in length; it lias fhort fmooth hair of a blueish gi'ey on the back, and whitish on the lower parts. Its flat fnout is strongly bearded with white transparent briitles. It lives on thecoasts of Greenland and the northern parts of Scotlànd where it is caught in great quantity, as the inhabitants generally make ufe of its flesh, as well as of its blubber and inteftines. Fig. 2. The yellowish Seal. (Phoca flavescens.) is the smalleft of the known species. It lives on the famé coasts with the great féal. Its whole structure resembles that of the common féal or. fea-calf except the hair round the fnout, of which it is alrnoft entirely deftitute. Fig. 3. The rough Seal. (Phoca hispida.) This species, which in Groenland is called Nâit'Soak, lives on the coasts of Green land and Labrador, where it is generally caught with harpoons and arrows. It is very ferviceable to these coaft-inhabitants; its inteftines, flesh, and blubber constitute their food, and the train-oil fupplies their lamps. It is frora 6 to 8 feet long, and has the hair intermixed with a kind of very fmooth wool. Fig. 4. The little Seal. (Phoca pusilla.) The little Seal is met with in the Mediterranean fea. It generally inhabits the weltern coasts of America near the island of Juan Fernandez. , It never exceeds the length of tvvo feet, and is covered with long biack hair of remarkable smoothness. | |
| Ad99998 04 091a/eng | Worms. VI. Vol. IV. No. 89. INTESTINE WORMS. Fig. 1. The Tape-Worm. (Taenia solium.) V V e fee hère represented an inhabitant of the human body which very osten causes long and painful difeafes. It is the Tape-worm or the jointed worm (fig* î.) vvhicli iives in the inteftines of men. It is feldom or vvith great difficulty driven out of its residence, as medi. cmes generally only fever the weakly jointed members without faurting the head which remains undisturbed in the body. This worm has like its cougeners the form of a ri band, The little head in the form of a button, is placed on the small end, and from that end the oblong members of the body begin to grow broader. Every one of these junctures has a foid by which it is joined to the next. From the head runs a canal through the body and continues down to the round end of the tail, provided with many small lateral canals bv which the circulation of the humours is * performed. Fig. a. represents the enlarged head in front. In its middle relis the. fpiral fûout, whi-;h, when obferved from the fide (&), fornis a conic élévation or protubérance furrounded with two indented rings. Round the fnout four small élévations are situated, provided in the middle with infundibuliform concavities by which the chyle is conducted in the small lateral canals. The Tape-worm is on account of the form of its body sometimes also called the Gourd-worm. Fig. 2. The Polycephalus. (Polycephalus hominis.) The true arrangement of the Polyce phalus is in the clals of the lîydatides; Il occurs, though very feldom, in the brains of men. The bladders are of a yellowish colour and of a fmooth but thick and coriaceous fubftance. There are some of the size of a wall-nut, others sometimes as big as a fift. These bladders (Fig. 2.) generally contain 5, 10, 20 and even fifty of these worm;, They bore vvith their fmooth piviforra body so far into the bladder that notlîing but the indented crown or ring is to be feen. In Fig. d. we fee two fuç. h worms which however only with their forepart stick to the bladder. Fig. e. dispîays the piriform figure along with the indented crown of a Polycephalus when taken from the bladder. | |
| Ad99998 04 092a/eng | Plants. XC. Vol. IV. No. 90. DIFFERENT KINDS OF FUCUS. Fig. 1. The Thread-Fucus. (Fucus Filum.) -*~ he name o£ the thread Fucus or Jea-Iacrs is clerived from tlio figure and form of its branches, which grow twifted into one another and feem to proceed from one stalsc. * These branches form the leaves of the plant. They are of a homy fubflctnce, and, without being transparent, of a very fragile nature. This Fucus attains a height of 7 feet and is generally found in the wa. ters of China. Fig. 2. The Sea-girdle. (Fucus digitatus.) We fee hère quite the contrary of the former fpccies which fecmed to be formed of a tender twift of threads. The fea-girdle consists of large tliîcsc leaves and strong stalks, being of a cartilaghiöus kind in ail its parts. It belotigs to the largest forts of Fucus; for the roundish Italie, upon the end of which the leaves do grow, is from 6 to 7 feet high, and lias commonly an inch in rliameter. It is hollow, of a dirty green colour, and proceeding from a knobby root, which never lays under ground, but by the means of its fibres sticks clofe to other objects, At first a single leaf in the form of a finger fprouts from the stalk, which, multiplying very faft, soon encreafes to a befom-like bufh. This Fucus is frequently found in Holland, England, Norway and Iceland, where it either grows on the coasts or is found thrown afhore by the fea. The leaves when dried are reckoned to be a good nourriture for fheep and goats. 1* | |
| Ad99998 04 093a/eng | Quadrupeds. LXVII. Vol. IV No. 91. DIFFERENT SPECIES OF MACAUCOS. Fig. 1. The Dwarf Macauco. (Lemur pusillus.) X his pretty little animal is a native of Madagascar where it inhabits the palmtrees îivin^ on fruit. Its length is from the tip of the nofe to the beginning of the tail only "5 inches. It has the upper part of the body covered with grey-brovvn hair, the underparts are white. It eats with its forefeet holding up its tail. It has a loud piercing voice. It is of a ferocious difpofition and almost untameable. Fig. 2. The Tarsier Macauco. (Lemur macrotarsus.) The Tarsier fèems in its manners much more allied to the oppoffum than to the Lemur. The hère represented speciey is also called Daubenton in honour of the famous french naturalist of that name, It is a native' of Amboina and without its tail 6 inches long. It has very fine woolly hair of a red brown colour, naked ears and a pointed elongated fnout. Its fore and hind feet are provided with fingers and ufed as fuch by the animal. Fig. 3. The Galago. (Galago Senegalensis.) The Galago, so called by the inhabïtants of Senegal its, native, country, is a peaceful and quiet animal which lives on fruit and insects, and produces its youngones in hollow trees. Its eyes are furrounded by a cercle of dark brown colour. The ears are naked, the nails flat, except the interior toe of the hind feet next the thumb, which has a fharp claw. Fig. 4. The Tarsier Fisher. (Lemur s. Tarsius Fischeri.) This Tarsier is named after the famous Russian naturalist Fischer. In its size it is equal to the; Galago. Its uncommonly large ears, the long toes, ail armed with fharp claws, give to this animal a hideous aspect. Madagascar is its native country. | |
| Ad99998 04 094a/eng | Fish. XXXVIII. Vol. IV. No. 92. TWO SORTS OF REMARKABLE WHALES. Fig. 1. The Cylindric Pot-Whale. (Physalus cylindricus.) J. bis Whale which is of an enormous size, is an inhabitant of the frozen fea anrî differs in its external form from ail other whales. The anterior part of the animal lias a perfect cylindrical form vvhence its nanie is derived. The vvide mouth lies very low. The under javvs arethin, flat, and narrower than the npper, so that the mouth, when clofed, is hardly perceived; but when open, it is of fuch a prodigious amplitude that an Ox might fiand upright in it. Its tongue is fhort and only moveable from fide to fide. It preys on lèverai kinds of large fish, the bones of which are frequently found in its stumach. The tail is very fhort, which pi. obabiy is the càufe of its flowness in fwitnming. Its fkin and fief h are very hard, vvhence it is very difficult to itricke and wound this whale with the harpoon. Fig. 2. The Physeter Trumpo. (Catodon Trumpo.) The Trumpo is also a species of whale of a very particular form. It is generally met with on the coasts, of New England and the Bermudas or Summer islands, but occurs also on the coasts of Greenland. The head constitutes about the Hals of the whole animal, being from 30 to 35 feet long. The upper-jaw is rauch wider than the under one. The fpout or blow-hole is placed on the anterior part of the head. Its strong teeth are situated in a regulär feries in the under javv, and, when the mouth is fhut, they fit into proper holes or cavities, which t in the upper jaw are adapted for their réception. The Trumpo is very fat, and the train-oil boiled ont of its blubber is much clearer and less acrid than that of the corn-, mon whale. The Trumpo fwims with more celerity and vigour than the former species. | |
| Ad99998 04 095a/eng | Amphibies. XVII. Vol. IV. No. 93. SEALS AND WALRUSSES. Fig. 1. The round tailed Manati. (Trichecus australis.) J-his Wallrus inhabits the ri vers of Africa especially the mouth of the river Senegal. Tt grows to the length of 14 or 15 feet. The head is Munt and rounded, and above the eyes which are not bigger than those of a hog, are tvvo orifices in the place of ears. The feet are uncouth and provided with flat and rounded nails. The tail is broad but quite rounded on the edges, whence the name is derived. The fiefh of this Wallrus is faid to tafte like veaJ. It is, however, chiefly "scil- led by the Negroes for the fake of the blubber or fat. Fig. 2. The pied Seal. (Phoca variegata.) The pied féal has the fnout taper and lengthened; the forefeet are furnished with long clavvs; the hind feet are very broad and provided with 5 very diftinct toes. The upper part of the body is blackish with a white, beily. This kind of féal generally fréquents the coasts of the Adriatic fea. It is very ferocious when first taken, but very soon familiarifed. Fig. 3. The Neck-lace Seal. (Var.) is but a variety of the former species, from which it differs in having a white ribbon-like band round the neck; its chief colour is black. Fig. 4. The harp Seal. (Phoca Groenlandica.) This féal is a native of the feas of Greeniand, Newfoundland and Iceland and paffes even as low as Kamtschatka. It grows to the length of 8 or 9 feet. On account of the thick fkin and the great produce of oil it is much valued by the feal-hunters. The little head which is of a black colour intcrmixed with white, terminâtes in a somewhat pointed fnout. The body is of a filver-grey colour, and variously patched or spotted with black. | |
| Ad99998 04 096a/eng | Amphibies. XVIII. Vol. IV. No. 94. BEAUTIFUL SNAKES. Flg. 1. The Argus-Snake. (Coluber Argus.) J-his highly elegant species is a native of Africa; It grows only to a moderate size, but has stréBjgth and boldness enough to attack larger animals, and to cnish them to deat;h by tw-ifting around their bodies. The upper* furface of this Inake is of a dufky chefnutcolour and beautifully marked by numerous ocellated white and red spots. It is faid to build a nest of clay where it lives in fociety with others of its kind. 1 Fig. 2. The Crimson-Snake. (Coluber coccineus.) The Crimjon-Snake winch is an inhabitant of Mexico and Florida;-bears a still more elegant aspect than the former. It measures 2 feet in length and ab ont i | |
| Ad99998 04 097a/eng | Rose. VII. Vol. IV. No. 95. DIFFERENT KINDS OF ROSES. Fig. 1. The Punice-rose. (Rosa punicea.) J-he Punice-Rose gives a greatembellishment to our gardens; for its brillant red enlivens the place where it is planted. The bufli grows to the height of 6 or 8 feet; the leaves are of a dark green colour and for the greatest partiïvelobed. The foliage is odoriferous, the wood brown with yellow spotted thorns. The flower is simple, pretty large, and consists in 5 leaves which having the form of hearts are on their infide of a brillant red, while their outfide is of a fulphur colour. Ils fmcll is difagreeable and very much like that of a punice, whence the name is derived. Fig. 2. The white Virgin-Rose. (Rosa truncata virginalis.) This beautiful flower belongs to the genus of white Roses, of which it is a diftingnished variety. The bufh is weak and hardly 4. feet high, the wood green, the leaves five lobed with few thorns. The buds have the form of a bail eut Hals through its middle. The Rose when unfoldcd, is large very füll, and of a brillant white. The discriminating character of this Rose is its whole structure inclining backwards, and a Rose coloured spot in its middle or rather towards one of the sides, which lofes itself by degrees in, the white colour giving the flower a most délicate aspect. | |
| Ad99998 04 098a/eng | Quadrupeds. LXVIII. Vol. IV. No. 96. REMARKABLE QUADRUPEDS. Fig. 1. The Suckling Femal Elephant. n the first Volume of our Picture-Gallery we have been made acnuainted with the natural hiftory of the Eléphant, which is undoubtedly the largest of all terreftrial animals; We now fee in the annexed picture the female Eléphant fuckling its young. Tt was fabulously afierted, that Eléphants, when confined, never multiply their species; but récent obfervations have refuted this falle affertion. John Corfe an Englishman who for Tome years had the direction of the chace of Eléphants at Tiperah in the East-Indies, was eye-witness of différent copulations of Eléphants. The y careffed one another before many fpectators and uttered fomctimes very'loud and piérding cries. The time of their pregnancy is uncertain. The Eléphant produces only one young at the time, which it fuckles by the tvvo teats situated at a small diftance behind the forefeet. The young never fucks by the trunk, as it was generally believed, but by the mouth, laying its trunk backwards. During the rutin g time even the tameft Eléphants are wild and almost untractable, so far as to forget the attachment they generally bear to theirCorneck or leader; and two of these cornecks have of late been dangerously wounded by a male Eléphant in the park of Paris. Fig. 2. The Sukotyro. This particular animal is hitherto very imperfectly known. NiewJcof a dutch traveller was the first vvho introduced and described it. According to his account the Sukotyro is an inhabitant of the isle of Java. Its size is that of a füll grovvn ox; the fnout ‘ is like that of a hog. Between the upright placed eyes and the long pendant ears stand the two horns which resemble very much the tufks of an éléphant. This animal feeds upon herbage and is but feldom taken. Sukotyro is it called by the Chinese. | |
| Ad99998 04 099a/eng | Fish. XXXIX. Vol. IV. No. 97. DOLPHINS. Fig. 1. The bellied Dolphin. (Delphinus ventricosus.) The name of this Dolphin is derived from its thick belly. It is commonly from 12 to 15 feet long, and, like other Dolpbins, found almost in all European Sens. Its colour is blakish above and whitish beneath. It fwims very fwiftly, and preys on varions kinds of filh. Fig. 2. The Beluga or white Dolphin. (Delphinus Leucas.) This inhabitant of the Northern feas is, when full grown, of an elegant milk white colour. In its si rit youth its colour is of a light grey caft. It measures from 15 to 18 feet in length. It is a gregarious species, and osten preys in large f ho als lipon herrings and other small fish, forming a beautifu] spectacle from the particular colour. They also sometimes folluw the fisherboats as far as the mouths of river». The head is in proportion rather small than large and somewhat acuminated. The mouth is furnished with a few small teeth. Fig. 3. The toothless Dolphin. (Delphinus edentulus.) The toothless Dolphin exceeds the two former species in length. The pointed beaklike mouth gives the animal an uncommon aspect. Its fmooth fkin is blackish, marked by lèverai white spots. It inhabits different seas; its manners are those of other Dolphins. | |
| Ad99998 04 100a/eng | Amphibies. XIX. Vol. IV. No. 98. LIZARDS. Fig. 1. The Cordyle Lizard. (Lacerta Cordylus.) JL he Cordyle Lizard is met with in lèverai parts of Asia and Africa, where it grows to a length of 9 or 10 inches. The body is covered by hard blueish scales. The tail is verticillated by pointed carinated scales provided with thorns at their extrernities. The toes are armed with long nails, Fig. 2. The azure Lizard. (Lacerta azurea.) The azuré Lizard is nearly allied to the Cordyle. It differs, however, in having the scales of the body smaller, and the tail which is much longer covered by much larger scales. On the upper part of the body bei. vveen the fhoulders it is marked by tvvo black arched ffripes or fafriae, Brafil is the native country of this species. Fig. 3. The orbicular Lizard. (Lacerta orbicularis.) Thii fpecrei feems to connect the Toad and Lizard tribes. having the large uncouth body of a toad. It is an inhabitant of the mountainous parts of Mexico and New-Spain, and entirely innoxious. Fig. 4. The red-Throat Lizard. (Lacerta bullaris.) This neat little animal is common in Jamaica. It is ufually fix inches long and of a grass-green colour, frequenting hedges and bufhes. Oh its throat it has a kind of a bladder of a bright red colour which it fvvells into a globular form when approached or irritated. Fig. 5. The Strumous Lizard. (Lacerta strumosa.) The Strumous Lizard is found in lèverai parts of Sonth-America. It is very tame and running about the houfe». These Lizards. sometimes fight togrther with the greaieTt animofity fwllhig at lhat tirne their red pouch or bog which thoy have on their throats. The tail is green with various gre> and black transverse bands. | |
| Ad99998 04 101a/eng | Amphibies. XX. Vol. IV. No. 99. SLOW-WORMS. X he Slow-Worm is on account of the fmàll eyes which in iome of the animals are hardly perceived, also called Blind-Worm. They constitute a proper genus among the fnakes, which is called the Jcale-jnakes being deftitute f the scuta or scaly plates and having the ivhole body covered with small scales. The Slow-worm moves backwards as well as forwards which gave rife to the fable of their having two heads. Fig. 1. The common Slow-worm. (Anguis fragilis.) The common Slow-worm arrives at the length af 2 or 3 feet and is found in almost all parts of the ancient world living un der ground. The fkin is covered with scales of a rufous brown caft mixed with a kind of steel colour. The mouth is very large and opens behind the eyes. It is füll of small teeth, which are not able to woundaman's finger and being also deftitute of the venomous fangs, the flow-worm is quite innoxious. It lives on insects, grubs and chafers. When purfued or irritated the animal has a way of stiffening itself, in which state, if struck, a small blow of a stick is fufficient to feparate the body in twoor three-pièces, whence this species is also sometimes called the Glajs-flow-worm. In winter the flow-worm retires under ground where it lies in a state oi torpidity tili the approach of fpring. It is ovo-viviparous and sometimes produces 10 or 12 young at the time which first are hatched in the womb. In the hot fummer-months it cafts its fkin. Fig. 2. The short-bellied Slow-Worm. (Anguis ventralis.) The name of this flow-worm is derived from its disproportionate long tail and the extremely fhort belly. It is a native of Carolina and Virginia and of a green and yellow colour. It is as innoxious as the former. Fig. 3. The flat tailed Slow-Worm. (Anguis platura.) The length of this Slow-worm is from 2 to 4 inches. Its colour is black above and of a clirty green caft beneath, the flat tail terminating in an obtufe way. Fig. 4. The variegated Slow-Worm. (Anguis variegata.) The colour of this Slow-worm which is found in New-HoHand, is brown, variegated with yellow; its length 2 or 3 feet. | |
| Ad99998 04 102a/eng | Roses. VIII. Vol. IV. No. 100. TWO KINDS OF ROSES. Fig. 1. The flesh-coloured Centifolia. (Rosa regina rubicans.) JLhe flesh-coloured Centifolia is one of thé fineft species among the white rôles. For its cîofed globular form it is also called the pearlroje. It is of a moderate size and of a fweet pale flef'h-colour. Its fmell is agreeable. The feeble bufh never exceeds the heislit of three feet; the wood is green, and but little thorny, the foliage five-lobed. The leaves are almost round, on the Upper fide dark green, on the under one of a light green caft. It is never hurt by the cold and propagates by flips. Fig. 2. The large Moss-Rose. (Rosa muscosa major.) The native country of this handfome Pvofe is probably Perfia. The young fhoots and buds feem to be covered with a kind of reddish-green moss, which arifes from their being covered ail over with extraordinary long filaments. It very feldom grows to a bufh but the single stalks attain very osten the height of 6 feet. The flower is of a moderate size, füll, of a pale colour and agreeable fmell. Being of a very tenrler nature it faon withers and thrives beft in hot houfes. | |
| Ad99998 05 003a/eng | Quadrupeds LXIX. Vol. V. No. 1. SUCKLING QUADRUPEDS. Fig. 1. The African Rhinoceros. (Rhinoceros Africanus.) Fig. 2. The Sumatra-Rhinoceros. (Rhinoceros bicornis Sumatricus.) | |
| Ad99998 05 004a/eng | Birds LXVI. Vol. V. No. 2. GERMAN WARBLERS. Fig. 1. The Silktail. (Ampelis garrulus.) Fig. 2. The Starling. (Sturnus vulgaris.) The Bullfinch. (Loxia pyrrhula.) Fig. 3. The Male. Fig. 4. The Female. Fig. 5. The Grosbeak. (Loxia coccothraustes.) Fig. 6. The Redstart. (Motacilla phoenicurus.) | |
| Ad99998 05 005a/eng | Fish XL. Vol. V. No. 3. REMARKABLE FISHES. Fig. 1. The Gemmeous Dragonet. (Callionymus Lyra.) Fig. 2. The Sordid Dragouet. (Callionymus Dracunculus.) Fig. 3. The rostrated Ophidium. (Ophidium aculcatum.) Fig. 4. The aculeated Odontognathus. (Odontognathus mucronatus.) | |
| Ad99998 05 006a/eng | Miscellanies XLVII. Vol. V. No. 4. ANTIQUITIES OF EGYPT. Fig. 1. The Statues of Memnon. Fig. 2. The Egyptian Sphinx. | |
| Ad99998 05 007a/eng | Roses IX. Vol. V. No. 5. ROSES. The Twinrose. (Rosa gemella.) | |
| Ad99998 05 008a/eng | Quadrupeds LXX. Vol. V. No. 6. LORICATED AND ACULEATED ANIMALS. Fig. 1. The Short-tailed Manis. (Manis pentadactyla.) Fig. 2. The eightbanded Armadillo. (Dasypus octocinctus L.) Fig. 3. The eighteenbanded Armadillo. (Dasypus octodecim cinctus.) Fig. 4. The Malacca-Hedge-hog. (Erinaceus Malaccensis.) Fig. 5. The bundled Porcupine. (Hystrix fasciculata.) | |
| Ad99998 05 009a/eng | Birds LXVII. Vol V. No. 7. BEAUTIFUL FOREIGN BIRDS. Fig. 1. The Royal Cuckow. (Cuculus regius.) Fig. 2. The Pompadour-Chatterer. (Ampelis Pompadora.) Fig. 3. The purple beasted Chatterer. (Ampelis Cotinga.) Fig. 4. The Parrot-Bill. (Locia Carlsonii rubra.) Fig. 5. The Iceland-Grosbeak. (Loxia Islandica.) Fig. 6. The Dominican Grosbeak. (Loxia Dominicana.) | |
| Ad99998 05 010a/eng | Plants XCL. Vol. V. No. 8. AROMATICK PLANTS. Fig. 1. The Cassia-Tree. (Laurus Cassia.) Fig. 2. The Galangal. (Alpinia Galanga.) | |
| Ad99998 05 011a/eng | Amphibies XXI. Vol. V. No. 9. DIFFERENT KINDS OF SLOW-WORMS. Fig. 1. The black-banded Slow-Worm. (Anguis ater.) Fig. 2. The Azure Slow-Worm. (Anguis caerulea.) Fig. 3. The variegatet Amphisboena. (Amphisbaena fuliginosa.) Fig. 4. The white Amphisboena. (Amphisbaena alba.) | |
| Ad99998 05 012a/eng | Miscellanies XLVIII. Vol. V. NO. 10. BULL-FEASTS IN SPAIN. | |
| Ad99998 05 013a/eng | Quadrupeds LXXI. Vol. V. No. 11. The OPOSSUM. Fig. 1. The Virginian Opossum. (Didelphis virginiana.) Fig. 2. The grey Opossum. (Didelphis Lemurina.) Fig. 3. The Viverrine Opossum. (Didelphis viverrina.) Fig. 4. The long tailed Opossum (Didelphis macroura.) Fig. 5. The Kanguroo Rat. (Kangurus minor.) |
