Semantische Suche
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| Ad99998 04 084a/eng | Insects. XXXI. Vol. IV. No. 82. REMARKABLE INSECTS. Fig. 1. 2. et 3. The large Emperor-Moth. (Phalaena Bombyx Pavonia major.) The large Emperor-moth (Fig. 3.) of wliich the little one feems to be a variety, is the largel't moth of Germany meafuring with expanded wings about fix inches in breadth. The upper and lo-wer wings have large marks in the form of an eye, which aie of a cinnamon colour and black, adorned with a blue stripe through the raiddle. From these marks which were compared to the eyespotted feathers of the peacock, the name of the moth is derived. The wings are also diverfified with a variety of colours and embellished wit and arched borders. with différent zigzag ferowls The maie differs from the female in the colour which in the former is of a darker caft. The caterpillar (Fig. 1.) of the large Emperor moth is found in June and July. on cherry-and plum-trees, on willows, floeand horn-beam trees, on birchtrees and oaks. It is of a fweet liahtgreen colour and about four inches long. The body is annulated, and füll of femicircular azuré élévations by which the caterpillar feems to be adorned with stars. At the enà of July it is in its füll growth and furrounds itself with a double web, the outfide of which is a membranaceous cover enclofing a fine filky texture. Being entirely furrounded it changes into a thick brovvn chryfalls (Fig. 2.) which remains -under ground tili next fpring, wheu the beautiful moth issues. | |
| Ad99998 04 085a/eng | Quadrupeds. LXV. Vol. IV. No. 83. THREE KINDS OF MONKEYS. Fig. 1. The Moluck. (Simia Moloch.) The shagginess of the grey hair with which the whole body is covered; the long arms reaching down to the feet; and the bald lighthrown face give this ape a very particular aind itrange appearance. It generally inhabits the Molucca island's and Sumatra and is about three feet high. Affociating in great troops it lives in the forefts chiefly upon bark leaves and fruit. It is of a very gentle and quiet nature and very eafily to be familiarized. Fig. 2. The Entellus of Bengal. (Simia Entellus.) The Entellus is a new Icind of apes which the french naturalist Dufresne has made us acquainted with' some Years ago. Ile received one stuffed, from Bengal its Native country; it grows to aheightof3 | |
| Ad99998 04 086a/eng | Fish. XXXVII. Vol. IV. No. 84. WHALES AND DOLPHINS. Fig. 1. The round lipped Whale. (Balaena Musculus.) XJefides the common Whale there are différent other kinds of Whales. We foc hère one reprefejated that is bj far Leffer in size : the common one. The round lipped or roun/1 nofed Whalé never exceeds the leugth o! 31 feet. The colotir of ils back is black, the louer parts are white. It is remarkablc on account of its enormous mouth in which, vyhen open, two or three men rnay stand ight. It is generally found in the Atlantic Océan and taken in the open lea; It is so füll of bluhber that very osten one of them aiïords about 50 barrels of train-oil. In stormy weather it is some times driven on the Coasts of Norway and then eafily caught in the bays. Its principal food conflits in berrings which it pursues on their migrations. Fig. 2. The Nesarnak. (Delphinus Nesarnak.) The Nefarnak belongs to the trihe of the Dolphins. Tt inhabits the northern parts of the Atlantic Océan; but sclrîom approaching the coaft, it is not frequently caught. It is ab oui ton feet long. Its chief colour is of a blackiih-grey variegated with fevéral transverse bands of a darker Colou It is a fish of prey and its jaws are richly befet with cylindrical teeth. Its flesh and bluhber, tho" not verv well taßed, affords the poor inhabitants of the north a very dainty food. Fig. 3. The bidental Dolphin. (Delphinus Diodon.) This Dolphin is also an inhabitant of the Atlantic Océan where it lives upon small fish. fis 1 engt h is about 40 feet; its colour dark brown incliniug to black, lighter or paler tov/ards the belly. The under-jaw of its beaklike mouth is provided with two large prominent tusks. In the year 1733 one of a very large size was caught in the river Thames in the vicinity of* London. | |
| Ad99998 04 087a/eng | Plants. LXXXIX. Vol. IV. No. 85. DIFFERENT KINDS OF FUCUS. Fucus which is also sometimes called fea-wrack, stands on the loweft degree of the vegetable création. It belongs to the family of flags, and coutains a great quantity of species which differ from one another in size and fhape. There are simple, ramous, and bufhy species; some are but 4 inch-es high, others attain the height of 20 feet. Some are cartilaginous, others coriaceous and tough; others are of a mucilaginous or membranaceous kind. The Fucus are generally met with on the various fea-coasts, but occur also in fresh waters, especially in the mouths of rivers. The coaft-inhabitants dry the Fucus and ufe it as dung. Some species also serve for food to fheep and cattle. Fig. 1. The winged Fucus. (Fucus alatus.) The winged fucus is a very neat plant of a darlc red colour which abounds in the Mediterranean fea as well as in the Baltic, and the German océan. It never exceeds the height of | |
| Ad99998 04 088a/eng | Birds. LXV. Vol. IV. No. 86. FOREIGN BIRDS. Fig. 1. The Condur. (Vultur Gryphus.) J he Condur was long considered as a fabulous bîrdj and faid to be a monfter poffeffed of fach a degree of strength as to carry off an Eléphant; yet nothing pufitive could be afferted of this remarkable bird, tili some of our later travellers made us more acquainted with its natural hiftory. The Condur is met with in Peru, Chili »nd other provinces of South America. It chier!) chofes its lefidence on lofty hills, yet "vifits sometimes the lower régions. It measures vvhen füll grovvn, from wing to wing 15 or 16 feet. The head is like that of other vultures deftitute of feathers. Its plumage is black' with a fhining tinge of blue; It is provided with very large claws, and bold and strong enough to caft clown stags and other like animals. In want of other food it lives upon fish and other maritime animals which it goes in quest of on the fea coasts. The Peruvians are very much afraid of the Condur, as it also sometimes preys upon Childern of 5 and 6 years old. Our picture is a copy of one that's to be seen at the Royal Ctibinet in London. Fig. 2. The Guinea-Vulture. (Vultur Angolensis.) The Guinea-Vultur may on account of its feathered neck and its white plumage he affociated with the rare and pretty kinds of vultures. Its length, measured from the beack to the point of the tail, is abont three feet. Its eyes are adorned with bald rings of a bright red colour. On the wings and back the white plumage varies with brown feathers. It is much livelier than other vultures. Fig. 3. The Hubara or the Collar-Bustard. (Otis Hubara.) The Hubara is a small kind of buftard which lives in the fands of Arabia on herb s and insects. Its colour is white; variegated by différent brown and black stripes and bands, which run across the wings and the tail. The white and black tuft of feathers round the neck exhibit a particular appearance. | |
| Ad99998 04 089a/eng | Quadrupeds. LXVI. Vol. IV. No. 87. FIVE DIFFERENT KINDS OF MONKEYS Fig. 1. The Ascagne. (Simia Ascanius.) J fae Ascagne is a very gentle, fîattering and lively monkey. It is an inhabilant. of Guinea and without its tail a]>out 13 inchés long. It is remarkable for the blue naked fpaces about thc eyes which giveit aparlicular countenance. Each ear is adorned with a tuft of white hair in the form of a Rose. out 13 inchés long. It is remarkable for the blue naked fpaces about thc eyes which giveit aparlicular countenance. Each ear is adorned with a tuft of white hair in the form of a Rose. Fig. 2. The Atys. (Simia Atys.) This little rnonkey lives in the Eaft Indies. It is about 18 inches long and of a whitish oolour. Its fingers and toes as vvell as its face and ears are deftitute of hair, which gives the animal a very tender and délicate appearance. Fig. 3. The Yarqué. (Simia leucocephala.) The Yarqué or white headed Sagouin is no more than 13 inches long. It is covered ail over vvith a coat of long blackhair, except the head which lias very fhort hair of a yellowish côtou'r. Iss tail is very long and furnished with bushy hair like that of a fox. The y «que lives folitary or ass'embling in little herds in the forefts of South America. It is of a very timid and lazy dispofition and hence continu ally*purfued by other monkeys which not feidom fnatch away its food. It generali) " lives upon fruit but is very fond of bées and destroys the beehives vvher ever it ïinàs any. Fig. 4. The brown Tamarin. (Simia Midas.) The brown Tamarin inhabits Guiana where affembling in large troops it fréquents only the lofty woods. This ncat little animal is about the size of our fquirrel and of a very fprightly dispofition. It is eafily brought to a great degree of familiarity but is of so délicate a nature that it feidom iupports the eliniate of Europe. There are many varie ties of this species, as for instance Fig. 5-The black Tamarin which differs from the above mentioned only in the uudulated, brown and black pencilled fpaces on the fidos of its body and the black colonr of its hair. | |
| Ad99998 04 090a/eng | Amphibies. XVI. Vol. IV. No. 88. SEVERAL KINDS OF SEALS. Fig. 1. The great Seal. (Phoca barbata.) -i. he feals as \ve know, constitute a numerous trib'e of various species. We bave iecn the common féal or Sea-calf; hère we are made ac [uainted with the great féal which \s also called the Strap-. Jeal for its fkin being eut into straps and ufed hy the Greenlanders in fifbing. The great féal measures about 12 feet. in length; it lias fhort fmooth hair of a blueish gi'ey on the back, and whitish on the lower parts. Its flat fnout is strongly bearded with white transparent briitles. It lives on thecoasts of Greenland and the northern parts of Scotlànd where it is caught in great quantity, as the inhabitants generally make ufe of its flesh, as well as of its blubber and inteftines. Fig. 2. The yellowish Seal. (Phoca flavescens.) is the smalleft of the known species. It lives on the famé coasts with the great féal. Its whole structure resembles that of the common féal or. fea-calf except the hair round the fnout, of which it is alrnoft entirely deftitute. Fig. 3. The rough Seal. (Phoca hispida.) This species, which in Groenland is called Nâit'Soak, lives on the coasts of Green land and Labrador, where it is generally caught with harpoons and arrows. It is very ferviceable to these coaft-inhabitants; its inteftines, flesh, and blubber constitute their food, and the train-oil fupplies their lamps. It is frora 6 to 8 feet long, and has the hair intermixed with a kind of very fmooth wool. Fig. 4. The little Seal. (Phoca pusilla.) The little Seal is met with in the Mediterranean fea. It generally inhabits the weltern coasts of America near the island of Juan Fernandez. , It never exceeds the length of tvvo feet, and is covered with long biack hair of remarkable smoothness. | |
| Ad99998 04 091a/eng | Worms. VI. Vol. IV. No. 89. INTESTINE WORMS. Fig. 1. The Tape-Worm. (Taenia solium.) V V e fee hère represented an inhabitant of the human body which very osten causes long and painful difeafes. It is the Tape-worm or the jointed worm (fig* î.) vvhicli iives in the inteftines of men. It is feldom or vvith great difficulty driven out of its residence, as medi. cmes generally only fever the weakly jointed members without faurting the head which remains undisturbed in the body. This worm has like its cougeners the form of a ri band, The little head in the form of a button, is placed on the small end, and from that end the oblong members of the body begin to grow broader. Every one of these junctures has a foid by which it is joined to the next. From the head runs a canal through the body and continues down to the round end of the tail, provided with many small lateral canals bv which the circulation of the humours is * performed. Fig. a. represents the enlarged head in front. In its middle relis the. fpiral fûout, whi-;h, when obferved from the fide (&), fornis a conic élévation or protubérance furrounded with two indented rings. Round the fnout four small élévations are situated, provided in the middle with infundibuliform concavities by which the chyle is conducted in the small lateral canals. The Tape-worm is on account of the form of its body sometimes also called the Gourd-worm. Fig. 2. The Polycephalus. (Polycephalus hominis.) The true arrangement of the Polyce phalus is in the clals of the lîydatides; Il occurs, though very feldom, in the brains of men. The bladders are of a yellowish colour and of a fmooth but thick and coriaceous fubftance. There are some of the size of a wall-nut, others sometimes as big as a fift. These bladders (Fig. 2.) generally contain 5, 10, 20 and even fifty of these worm;, They bore vvith their fmooth piviforra body so far into the bladder that notlîing but the indented crown or ring is to be feen. In Fig. d. we fee two fuç. h worms which however only with their forepart stick to the bladder. Fig. e. dispîays the piriform figure along with the indented crown of a Polycephalus when taken from the bladder. | |
| Ad99998 04 092a/eng | Plants. XC. Vol. IV. No. 90. DIFFERENT KINDS OF FUCUS. Fig. 1. The Thread-Fucus. (Fucus Filum.) -*~ he name o£ the thread Fucus or Jea-Iacrs is clerived from tlio figure and form of its branches, which grow twifted into one another and feem to proceed from one stalsc. * These branches form the leaves of the plant. They are of a homy fubflctnce, and, without being transparent, of a very fragile nature. This Fucus attains a height of 7 feet and is generally found in the wa. ters of China. Fig. 2. The Sea-girdle. (Fucus digitatus.) We fee hère quite the contrary of the former fpccies which fecmed to be formed of a tender twift of threads. The fea-girdle consists of large tliîcsc leaves and strong stalks, being of a cartilaghiöus kind in ail its parts. It belotigs to the largest forts of Fucus; for the roundish Italie, upon the end of which the leaves do grow, is from 6 to 7 feet high, and lias commonly an inch in rliameter. It is hollow, of a dirty green colour, and proceeding from a knobby root, which never lays under ground, but by the means of its fibres sticks clofe to other objects, At first a single leaf in the form of a finger fprouts from the stalk, which, multiplying very faft, soon encreafes to a befom-like bufh. This Fucus is frequently found in Holland, England, Norway and Iceland, where it either grows on the coasts or is found thrown afhore by the fea. The leaves when dried are reckoned to be a good nourriture for fheep and goats. 1* | |
| Ad99998 04 093a/eng | Quadrupeds. LXVII. Vol. IV No. 91. DIFFERENT SPECIES OF MACAUCOS. Fig. 1. The Dwarf Macauco. (Lemur pusillus.) X his pretty little animal is a native of Madagascar where it inhabits the palmtrees îivin^ on fruit. Its length is from the tip of the nofe to the beginning of the tail only "5 inches. It has the upper part of the body covered with grey-brovvn hair, the underparts are white. It eats with its forefeet holding up its tail. It has a loud piercing voice. It is of a ferocious difpofition and almost untameable. Fig. 2. The Tarsier Macauco. (Lemur macrotarsus.) The Tarsier fèems in its manners much more allied to the oppoffum than to the Lemur. The hère represented speciey is also called Daubenton in honour of the famous french naturalist of that name, It is a native' of Amboina and without its tail 6 inches long. It has very fine woolly hair of a red brown colour, naked ears and a pointed elongated fnout. Its fore and hind feet are provided with fingers and ufed as fuch by the animal. Fig. 3. The Galago. (Galago Senegalensis.) The Galago, so called by the inhabïtants of Senegal its, native, country, is a peaceful and quiet animal which lives on fruit and insects, and produces its youngones in hollow trees. Its eyes are furrounded by a cercle of dark brown colour. The ears are naked, the nails flat, except the interior toe of the hind feet next the thumb, which has a fharp claw. Fig. 4. The Tarsier Fisher. (Lemur s. Tarsius Fischeri.) This Tarsier is named after the famous Russian naturalist Fischer. In its size it is equal to the; Galago. Its uncommonly large ears, the long toes, ail armed with fharp claws, give to this animal a hideous aspect. Madagascar is its native country. | |
| Ad99998 04 094a/eng | Fish. XXXVIII. Vol. IV. No. 92. TWO SORTS OF REMARKABLE WHALES. Fig. 1. The Cylindric Pot-Whale. (Physalus cylindricus.) J. bis Whale which is of an enormous size, is an inhabitant of the frozen fea anrî differs in its external form from ail other whales. The anterior part of the animal lias a perfect cylindrical form vvhence its nanie is derived. The vvide mouth lies very low. The under javvs arethin, flat, and narrower than the npper, so that the mouth, when clofed, is hardly perceived; but when open, it is of fuch a prodigious amplitude that an Ox might fiand upright in it. Its tongue is fhort and only moveable from fide to fide. It preys on lèverai kinds of large fish, the bones of which are frequently found in its stumach. The tail is very fhort, which pi. obabiy is the càufe of its flowness in fwitnming. Its fkin and fief h are very hard, vvhence it is very difficult to itricke and wound this whale with the harpoon. Fig. 2. The Physeter Trumpo. (Catodon Trumpo.) The Trumpo is also a species of whale of a very particular form. It is generally met with on the coasts, of New England and the Bermudas or Summer islands, but occurs also on the coasts of Greenland. The head constitutes about the Hals of the whole animal, being from 30 to 35 feet long. The upper-jaw is rauch wider than the under one. The fpout or blow-hole is placed on the anterior part of the head. Its strong teeth are situated in a regulär feries in the under javv, and, when the mouth is fhut, they fit into proper holes or cavities, which t in the upper jaw are adapted for their réception. The Trumpo is very fat, and the train-oil boiled ont of its blubber is much clearer and less acrid than that of the corn-, mon whale. The Trumpo fwims with more celerity and vigour than the former species. | |
| Ad99998 04 095a/eng | Amphibies. XVII. Vol. IV. No. 93. SEALS AND WALRUSSES. Fig. 1. The round tailed Manati. (Trichecus australis.) J-his Wallrus inhabits the ri vers of Africa especially the mouth of the river Senegal. Tt grows to the length of 14 or 15 feet. The head is Munt and rounded, and above the eyes which are not bigger than those of a hog, are tvvo orifices in the place of ears. The feet are uncouth and provided with flat and rounded nails. The tail is broad but quite rounded on the edges, whence the name is derived. The fiefh of this Wallrus is faid to tafte like veaJ. It is, however, chiefly "scil- led by the Negroes for the fake of the blubber or fat. Fig. 2. The pied Seal. (Phoca variegata.) The pied féal has the fnout taper and lengthened; the forefeet are furnished with long clavvs; the hind feet are very broad and provided with 5 very diftinct toes. The upper part of the body is blackish with a white, beily. This kind of féal generally fréquents the coasts of the Adriatic fea. It is very ferocious when first taken, but very soon familiarifed. Fig. 3. The Neck-lace Seal. (Var.) is but a variety of the former species, from which it differs in having a white ribbon-like band round the neck; its chief colour is black. Fig. 4. The harp Seal. (Phoca Groenlandica.) This féal is a native of the feas of Greeniand, Newfoundland and Iceland and paffes even as low as Kamtschatka. It grows to the length of 8 or 9 feet. On account of the thick fkin and the great produce of oil it is much valued by the feal-hunters. The little head which is of a black colour intcrmixed with white, terminâtes in a somewhat pointed fnout. The body is of a filver-grey colour, and variously patched or spotted with black. | |
| Ad99998 04 096a/eng | Amphibies. XVIII. Vol. IV. No. 94. BEAUTIFUL SNAKES. Flg. 1. The Argus-Snake. (Coluber Argus.) J-his highly elegant species is a native of Africa; It grows only to a moderate size, but has stréBjgth and boldness enough to attack larger animals, and to cnish them to deat;h by tw-ifting around their bodies. The upper* furface of this Inake is of a dufky chefnutcolour and beautifully marked by numerous ocellated white and red spots. It is faid to build a nest of clay where it lives in fociety with others of its kind. 1 Fig. 2. The Crimson-Snake. (Coluber coccineus.) The Crimjon-Snake winch is an inhabitant of Mexico and Florida;-bears a still more elegant aspect than the former. It measures 2 feet in length and ab ont i | |
| Ad99998 04 097a/eng | Rose. VII. Vol. IV. No. 95. DIFFERENT KINDS OF ROSES. Fig. 1. The Punice-rose. (Rosa punicea.) J-he Punice-Rose gives a greatembellishment to our gardens; for its brillant red enlivens the place where it is planted. The bufli grows to the height of 6 or 8 feet; the leaves are of a dark green colour and for the greatest partiïvelobed. The foliage is odoriferous, the wood brown with yellow spotted thorns. The flower is simple, pretty large, and consists in 5 leaves which having the form of hearts are on their infide of a brillant red, while their outfide is of a fulphur colour. Ils fmcll is difagreeable and very much like that of a punice, whence the name is derived. Fig. 2. The white Virgin-Rose. (Rosa truncata virginalis.) This beautiful flower belongs to the genus of white Roses, of which it is a diftingnished variety. The bufh is weak and hardly 4. feet high, the wood green, the leaves five lobed with few thorns. The buds have the form of a bail eut Hals through its middle. The Rose when unfoldcd, is large very füll, and of a brillant white. The discriminating character of this Rose is its whole structure inclining backwards, and a Rose coloured spot in its middle or rather towards one of the sides, which lofes itself by degrees in, the white colour giving the flower a most délicate aspect. | |
| Ad99998 04 098a/eng | Quadrupeds. LXVIII. Vol. IV. No. 96. REMARKABLE QUADRUPEDS. Fig. 1. The Suckling Femal Elephant. n the first Volume of our Picture-Gallery we have been made acnuainted with the natural hiftory of the Eléphant, which is undoubtedly the largest of all terreftrial animals; We now fee in the annexed picture the female Eléphant fuckling its young. Tt was fabulously afierted, that Eléphants, when confined, never multiply their species; but récent obfervations have refuted this falle affertion. John Corfe an Englishman who for Tome years had the direction of the chace of Eléphants at Tiperah in the East-Indies, was eye-witness of différent copulations of Eléphants. The y careffed one another before many fpectators and uttered fomctimes very'loud and piérding cries. The time of their pregnancy is uncertain. The Eléphant produces only one young at the time, which it fuckles by the tvvo teats situated at a small diftance behind the forefeet. The young never fucks by the trunk, as it was generally believed, but by the mouth, laying its trunk backwards. During the rutin g time even the tameft Eléphants are wild and almost untractable, so far as to forget the attachment they generally bear to theirCorneck or leader; and two of these cornecks have of late been dangerously wounded by a male Eléphant in the park of Paris. Fig. 2. The Sukotyro. This particular animal is hitherto very imperfectly known. NiewJcof a dutch traveller was the first vvho introduced and described it. According to his account the Sukotyro is an inhabitant of the isle of Java. Its size is that of a füll grovvn ox; the fnout ‘ is like that of a hog. Between the upright placed eyes and the long pendant ears stand the two horns which resemble very much the tufks of an éléphant. This animal feeds upon herbage and is but feldom taken. Sukotyro is it called by the Chinese. | |
| Ad99998 04 099a/eng | Fish. XXXIX. Vol. IV. No. 97. DOLPHINS. Fig. 1. The bellied Dolphin. (Delphinus ventricosus.) The name of this Dolphin is derived from its thick belly. It is commonly from 12 to 15 feet long, and, like other Dolpbins, found almost in all European Sens. Its colour is blakish above and whitish beneath. It fwims very fwiftly, and preys on varions kinds of filh. Fig. 2. The Beluga or white Dolphin. (Delphinus Leucas.) This inhabitant of the Northern feas is, when full grown, of an elegant milk white colour. In its si rit youth its colour is of a light grey caft. It measures from 15 to 18 feet in length. It is a gregarious species, and osten preys in large f ho als lipon herrings and other small fish, forming a beautifu] spectacle from the particular colour. They also sometimes folluw the fisherboats as far as the mouths of river». The head is in proportion rather small than large and somewhat acuminated. The mouth is furnished with a few small teeth. Fig. 3. The toothless Dolphin. (Delphinus edentulus.) The toothless Dolphin exceeds the two former species in length. The pointed beaklike mouth gives the animal an uncommon aspect. Its fmooth fkin is blackish, marked by lèverai white spots. It inhabits different seas; its manners are those of other Dolphins. | |
| Ad99998 04 100a/eng | Amphibies. XIX. Vol. IV. No. 98. LIZARDS. Fig. 1. The Cordyle Lizard. (Lacerta Cordylus.) JL he Cordyle Lizard is met with in lèverai parts of Asia and Africa, where it grows to a length of 9 or 10 inches. The body is covered by hard blueish scales. The tail is verticillated by pointed carinated scales provided with thorns at their extrernities. The toes are armed with long nails, Fig. 2. The azure Lizard. (Lacerta azurea.) The azuré Lizard is nearly allied to the Cordyle. It differs, however, in having the scales of the body smaller, and the tail which is much longer covered by much larger scales. On the upper part of the body bei. vveen the fhoulders it is marked by tvvo black arched ffripes or fafriae, Brafil is the native country of this species. Fig. 3. The orbicular Lizard. (Lacerta orbicularis.) Thii fpecrei feems to connect the Toad and Lizard tribes. having the large uncouth body of a toad. It is an inhabitant of the mountainous parts of Mexico and New-Spain, and entirely innoxious. Fig. 4. The red-Throat Lizard. (Lacerta bullaris.) This neat little animal is common in Jamaica. It is ufually fix inches long and of a grass-green colour, frequenting hedges and bufhes. Oh its throat it has a kind of a bladder of a bright red colour which it fvvells into a globular form when approached or irritated. Fig. 5. The Strumous Lizard. (Lacerta strumosa.) The Strumous Lizard is found in lèverai parts of Sonth-America. It is very tame and running about the houfe». These Lizards. sometimes fight togrther with the greaieTt animofity fwllhig at lhat tirne their red pouch or bog which thoy have on their throats. The tail is green with various gre> and black transverse bands. | |
| Ad99998 04 101a/eng | Amphibies. XX. Vol. IV. No. 99. SLOW-WORMS. X he Slow-Worm is on account of the fmàll eyes which in iome of the animals are hardly perceived, also called Blind-Worm. They constitute a proper genus among the fnakes, which is called the Jcale-jnakes being deftitute f the scuta or scaly plates and having the ivhole body covered with small scales. The Slow-worm moves backwards as well as forwards which gave rife to the fable of their having two heads. Fig. 1. The common Slow-worm. (Anguis fragilis.) The common Slow-worm arrives at the length af 2 or 3 feet and is found in almost all parts of the ancient world living un der ground. The fkin is covered with scales of a rufous brown caft mixed with a kind of steel colour. The mouth is very large and opens behind the eyes. It is füll of small teeth, which are not able to woundaman's finger and being also deftitute of the venomous fangs, the flow-worm is quite innoxious. It lives on insects, grubs and chafers. When purfued or irritated the animal has a way of stiffening itself, in which state, if struck, a small blow of a stick is fufficient to feparate the body in twoor three-pièces, whence this species is also sometimes called the Glajs-flow-worm. In winter the flow-worm retires under ground where it lies in a state oi torpidity tili the approach of fpring. It is ovo-viviparous and sometimes produces 10 or 12 young at the time which first are hatched in the womb. In the hot fummer-months it cafts its fkin. Fig. 2. The short-bellied Slow-Worm. (Anguis ventralis.) The name of this flow-worm is derived from its disproportionate long tail and the extremely fhort belly. It is a native of Carolina and Virginia and of a green and yellow colour. It is as innoxious as the former. Fig. 3. The flat tailed Slow-Worm. (Anguis platura.) The length of this Slow-worm is from 2 to 4 inches. Its colour is black above and of a clirty green caft beneath, the flat tail terminating in an obtufe way. Fig. 4. The variegated Slow-Worm. (Anguis variegata.) The colour of this Slow-worm which is found in New-HoHand, is brown, variegated with yellow; its length 2 or 3 feet. | |
| Ad99998 04 102a/eng | Roses. VIII. Vol. IV. No. 100. TWO KINDS OF ROSES. Fig. 1. The flesh-coloured Centifolia. (Rosa regina rubicans.) JLhe flesh-coloured Centifolia is one of thé fineft species among the white rôles. For its cîofed globular form it is also called the pearlroje. It is of a moderate size and of a fweet pale flef'h-colour. Its fmell is agreeable. The feeble bufh never exceeds the heislit of three feet; the wood is green, and but little thorny, the foliage five-lobed. The leaves are almost round, on the Upper fide dark green, on the under one of a light green caft. It is never hurt by the cold and propagates by flips. Fig. 2. The large Moss-Rose. (Rosa muscosa major.) The native country of this handfome Pvofe is probably Perfia. The young fhoots and buds feem to be covered with a kind of reddish-green moss, which arifes from their being covered ail over with extraordinary long filaments. It very feldom grows to a bufh but the single stalks attain very osten the height of 6 feet. The flower is of a moderate size, füll, of a pale colour and agreeable fmell. Being of a very tenrler nature it faon withers and thrives beft in hot houfes. | |
| Ad99998 05 003a/eng | Quadrupeds LXIX. Vol. V. No. 1. SUCKLING QUADRUPEDS. Fig. 1. The African Rhinoceros. (Rhinoceros Africanus.) Fig. 2. The Sumatra-Rhinoceros. (Rhinoceros bicornis Sumatricus.) | |
| Ad99998 05 004a/eng | Birds LXVI. Vol. V. No. 2. GERMAN WARBLERS. Fig. 1. The Silktail. (Ampelis garrulus.) Fig. 2. The Starling. (Sturnus vulgaris.) The Bullfinch. (Loxia pyrrhula.) Fig. 3. The Male. Fig. 4. The Female. Fig. 5. The Grosbeak. (Loxia coccothraustes.) Fig. 6. The Redstart. (Motacilla phoenicurus.) | |
| Ad99998 05 005a/eng | Fish XL. Vol. V. No. 3. REMARKABLE FISHES. Fig. 1. The Gemmeous Dragonet. (Callionymus Lyra.) Fig. 2. The Sordid Dragouet. (Callionymus Dracunculus.) Fig. 3. The rostrated Ophidium. (Ophidium aculcatum.) Fig. 4. The aculeated Odontognathus. (Odontognathus mucronatus.) | |
| Ad99998 05 006a/eng | Miscellanies XLVII. Vol. V. No. 4. ANTIQUITIES OF EGYPT. Fig. 1. The Statues of Memnon. Fig. 2. The Egyptian Sphinx. | |
| Ad99998 05 007a/eng | Roses IX. Vol. V. No. 5. ROSES. The Twinrose. (Rosa gemella.) | |
| Ad99998 05 008a/eng | Quadrupeds LXX. Vol. V. No. 6. LORICATED AND ACULEATED ANIMALS. Fig. 1. The Short-tailed Manis. (Manis pentadactyla.) Fig. 2. The eightbanded Armadillo. (Dasypus octocinctus L.) Fig. 3. The eighteenbanded Armadillo. (Dasypus octodecim cinctus.) Fig. 4. The Malacca-Hedge-hog. (Erinaceus Malaccensis.) Fig. 5. The bundled Porcupine. (Hystrix fasciculata.) | |
| Ad99998 05 009a/eng | Birds LXVII. Vol V. No. 7. BEAUTIFUL FOREIGN BIRDS. Fig. 1. The Royal Cuckow. (Cuculus regius.) Fig. 2. The Pompadour-Chatterer. (Ampelis Pompadora.) Fig. 3. The purple beasted Chatterer. (Ampelis Cotinga.) Fig. 4. The Parrot-Bill. (Locia Carlsonii rubra.) Fig. 5. The Iceland-Grosbeak. (Loxia Islandica.) Fig. 6. The Dominican Grosbeak. (Loxia Dominicana.) | |
| Ad99998 05 010a/eng | Plants XCL. Vol. V. No. 8. AROMATICK PLANTS. Fig. 1. The Cassia-Tree. (Laurus Cassia.) Fig. 2. The Galangal. (Alpinia Galanga.) | |
| Ad99998 05 011a/eng | Amphibies XXI. Vol. V. No. 9. DIFFERENT KINDS OF SLOW-WORMS. Fig. 1. The black-banded Slow-Worm. (Anguis ater.) Fig. 2. The Azure Slow-Worm. (Anguis caerulea.) Fig. 3. The variegatet Amphisboena. (Amphisbaena fuliginosa.) Fig. 4. The white Amphisboena. (Amphisbaena alba.) | |
| Ad99998 05 012a/eng | Miscellanies XLVIII. Vol. V. NO. 10. BULL-FEASTS IN SPAIN. | |
| Ad99998 05 013a/eng | Quadrupeds LXXI. Vol. V. No. 11. The OPOSSUM. Fig. 1. The Virginian Opossum. (Didelphis virginiana.) Fig. 2. The grey Opossum. (Didelphis Lemurina.) Fig. 3. The Viverrine Opossum. (Didelphis viverrina.) Fig. 4. The long tailed Opossum (Didelphis macroura.) Fig. 5. The Kanguroo Rat. (Kangurus minor.) | |
| Ad99998 05 014a/eng | Miscellanies XLIX. Vol. V. No. 12. EGYPTIAN DRESS. Fig. 1. A Bey with his attendant. Fig. 2. A Lady of Cairo with her attendant. Fig. 3. The Mamalukes. Fig. 4. The Fellahs. Fig. 5. A Family of Beduins. | |
| Ad99998 05 015a/eng | Miscellanies L. Vol. V. No. 13. CURIOSITIES OF EGYPT. Fig. 1. The Summit of the great Pyramid of Ghizé and the adjacent country. Fig. 2. The inner passage from one floor to the other. | |
| Ad99998 05 016a/eng | Plants. XCII. Vol. V. No. 14. REMARKABLE SPUNGES. Fig. 1. The Touchwoodor Tinder Boletus. (Boletus igniarius.) Fig. 2. The Larch-tree Boletus. (Boletus Laricis.) | |
| Ad99998 05 017a/eng | Roses X. Vol. V. No. 15. TWO SPECIES OF ROSES. Fig. 1. The red Millefolia Rose. (Rosa millefolia rubra.) Fig. 2. The pendent Rose. (Rosa pendulina inermis.) | |
| Ad99998 05 018a/eng | Quadrupeds LXXII. Vol. V. No. 16. WILD BEASTS. Fig. 1. The black Tiger. (Felis discolor.) Fig. 2. The spotted Hyena. (Canis crocuta.) Fig. 3. The Jackal of the Cape. (Canis mesomelas.) Fig. 4. The Cat of the Cape. (Felis capenfis.) Fig. 5. The Maragua. (Felis tigrina.) | |
| Ad99998 05 019a/eng | Amphibies XXIII. Vol. V. No. 17. DIFFERENT SPECIES OF LIZARDS. Fig. 1. The common Gekko. (Lacerta Gekko.) Fig. 2. The flat-toiled Gekko. (Lacerta platurus.) Fig. 3. The Seps. (Lacerta Seps.) Fig. 4. The Chalcide. (Lacerta Chalcides.) Fig. 5-8. The WaterSalamander. The Male and Female. (Lacerta Salamandra.) | |
| Ad99998 05 020a/eng | Plants. XCIII. Vol. V. NO. 18. GERMAN POISONOUS PLANTS. Fig. 1. The common Arum or Wakerobin. (Arum maculatum.) Fig. 2. The common Meadow-Saffron. (Colchium autumnale.) | |
| Ad99998 05 021a/eng | Miscellanies LI. Vol. V. No. 19. REMARKABLE FOSSILS AND PETRIFICATIONS. | |
| Ad99998 05 022a/eng | Insects XXXII. Vol. V. No. 20. NOXIOUS BUTTERFLIES. Fig. 1. The white Tree-Papilio. (Papilio Heliconius crataegi.) Fig. 2. The great Cole-Moth. (Papilio Danaus brassicae.) Fig. 3. The Little Cole-Moth. (Papilio Danaus rapae.) | |
| Ad99998 05 023a/eng | Quadrupeds LXXII. Vol. V. No. 21. REMARKABLE QUADRUPEDS. Fig. 1. The Cape Ant-Eater. (Myrmecophaga capensis.) Fig. 2. The aculeated or spiny Ant-Eater. (Myrmecophaga aculeata.) Fig. 3. The Ursine Sloth. (Bradypus ursinus.) Fig. 4. The Skeleton of the American Megatherium. (Megatherium Americanum.) | |
| Ad99998 05 024a/eng | Reptiles VII. Vol. V. No. 22. GERMAN SNAILS. Fig. 1. The black Slug. (Limax ater.) Fig. 2. The Vineyard-Snail. (Helix pomatia.) Fig. 3. The tree Snail. (Helix arbustorum.) Fig. 4. The grey Field-Snail. (Limax agrestis.) Fig. 5. The Duck Muscle (Mytilus anatinus.) Fig. 6. The spiral pool-Shell. (Buccinum stagnale.) Fig. 7. The marbled belly-Whelp. (Buccinum auriculatum.) | |
| Ad99998 05 025a/eng | Plants XCIV. Vol. V. No. 23 REMARKABLE PLANTS. Fig. 1. The Azur Water-Lilly. (Nymphaea caerulea.) Fig. 2. The Aya-Pana. (Eupatorium Aya-Pana.) | |
| Ad99998 05 026a/eng | Miscell. Subj. LII. Vol. V. No. 24. GIBRALTAR AND THE FLOATING BATTERIES. | |
| Ad99998 05 027a/eng | Roses. XI. Vol. V. No. 25. TWO SPECIES OF ROSES. Fig. 1. The May-Rose. (Rosa Majalis.) Fig. 2. The umbellated incarnate Rose. (Rosa umbellata flore carneo.) | |
| Ad99998 05 028a/eng | Antiquities XIV. Vol. V. No. 26. EGYPTIAN DEITIES. Fig. 1. Isis. Fig. 2. Isis and Horus. Fig. 4. and 5. Osiris. Fig. 6. Serapis. Fig. 7. and 8. Harpocrates. | |
| Ad99998 05 029a/eng | Antiquities XV. Vol. V. No. 27. EGYPTIAN DEITIES. Fig. 1. Apis. Fig. 2. et 3. Bubastis. Fig. 4. Anubis. Fig. 5. Canopus. Fig. 6. Ibis | |
| Ad99998 05 030a/eng | Miscell. Sub. LIII. Vol. V. No. 28. LUSUS NATURAE. Fig. 1 and 2. Dendrites. Fig. 3. The Florence Marble. | |
| Ad99998 05 031a/eng | Miscell. Sub. LIV. Vol. V. No. 29. REMARKABLE CAVES. Fig. 1. The remarkable Rosenmüller’s Cave of Muggendorf. | |
| Ad99998 05 032a/eng | Roses XII. Vol. V. No. 30. TWO SPECIES OF ROSES. Fig. 1. The common Damask-Rose. (Rosa Damascena communis.) Fig. 2. The striped Ribbandrose. (Rosa versicolor.) | |
| Ad99998 05 033a/eng | Antiquities XVI. Vol. V. NO. 31. GREEK AND ROMAN DEITIES. Fig. 1. Chronos and Rhea. Fig. 2. Rhea. Fig. 3. 4. and 5. Jupiter. Fig. 6. and 7. Juno. | |
| Ad99998 05 034a/eng | Antiquities XVII. Vol. V. No. 32. GREEK AND ROMAN DEITIES. Fig. 1. Neptune. Fig. 2. Ceres. Fig. 3. 4. And 5. Apollo. | |
| Ad99998 05 035a/eng | Antiquities XVIII. Vol. V. No. 33. DEITIES OF THE GREEKS AND ROMANS. Fig. 1. 2. and 3. Diana. Fig. 4. Vulcan. Fig. 5. Minerva. | |
| Ad99998 05 036a/eng | Antiquities XIX. Vol. V. No. 34. DEITIES OF THE GREEKS AND ROMANS. Fig. 1. Mars. Fig. 2. and 3. Venus. Fig. 4. Cupid. Fig. 5. Mercury. | |
| Ad99998 05 037a/eng | Antiquities XX. Vol. V. No. 35. GREEK AND ROMAN DEITIES. Fig. 1. and 2. Pluto. Fig. 3. Vesta. Fig. 4. and 5. Bacchus. | |
| Ad99998 05 038a/eng | Antiquities XXI. Vol. V. No. 36. GREEK AND ROMAN DEITIES. Fig. 1. Hercules. Fig. 2. Esculapius. Fig. 3. Hygieja. Fig. 4. Vertumnus. Fig. 5. Flora. | |
| Ad99998 05 039a/eng | Antiquities XXII. Vol. V. No. 37. GREEK AND ROMAN DEITIES. The nine Muses. Fig. 1. Clio. Fig. 2. Euterpe. Fig. 3. Thalia. Fig. 4. Melpomène. Fig. 5. Terpsichore. Fig. 6. Erato. Fig. 7. Polyhymnia. Fig. 8. Urania. Fig. 9. Calliope. | |
| Ad99998 05 040a/eng | Plants XCV. Vol. V. No. 38. GERMAN POISONOUS PLANTS. Fig. 1. The Violet-Anemone. (Anemone pulsatilla.) Fig. 2. The venomous Lettice. (Lactuca virosa.) | |
| Ad99998 05 041a/eng | Insects XXXIII. Vol. V. No. 39. REMARKABLE INSECTS. Fig. 1. The Tant. (Trombidium phalangioides.) Fig. 2. The Scarlet Water-mite. (Hydrachne histrionica.) Fig. 3. The louse of the birds. (Acarus chelopus.) Fig. 4. The dove’s Tick. (Rhynchoprion columbae.) Fig. 5. The Carter. (Phalangium rufum.) Fig. 6. The Scorpion-Tick (Chelifer pratsita.) Fig. 7. The bat’s Tick. (Phthiridium biarticulatum.) Fig. 8. The sturgeion’s Louse. (Dichelesthium Sturionis.) Fig. 9. The Water-flea. (Argulus Delphinus.) | |
| Ad99998 05 042a/eng | Insects XXXIV. Vol. V. No. 40. BEAUTIFUL BUTTERFLIES. Fig. 1. The blue Iris-Papillon. (Papilio Nymphalis gemmata, Iris.) Fig. 2. The Helicon-Papillon. (Papilio eques Heliconius, Apollo.) | |
| Ad99998 05 043a/eng | Birds LXVIII. Vol.V.No. 41. AFRICAN BIRDS. Fig. 1. The Griffin-Eagle. Fig. 2. The crested Buzzard. Fig. 3. The White-Hawk. Fig. 4. The Singing-Eagle. Fig. 5. The Ospray. Fig. 6. The Caffree-Eagle. | |
| Ad99998 05 044a/eng | Fruit I. Vol. V. No. 42. REMARKABLE FRUITS. The Giant’s Apple. | |
| Ad99998 05 045a/eng | MISCELL. Subj. LIV. Vol. V. No. 43. THE SLAVE-TRADE. | |
| Ad99998 05 046a/eng | Miscell. Sub. LV. Vol. V. No. 44. REMARKABLE BRIDGES. Fig. 1. The Bridge of Rocks in Virginia. Fig. 2. Hanging and drawing bridges in South-America. | |
| Ad99998 05 047a/eng | Roses XIII. Vol. V. No. 45. ROSES. The great Damason Rose. (Rosa Damascena grandiflora.) | |
| Ad99998 05 048a/eng | Fruit II. Vol. V. No. 46. REMARKABLE FRUITS. The Venitian two-coloured grape. (Vitis vinifera bicolor.) | |
| Ad99998 05 049a/eng | Birds LXIX. Vol. V. No. 47. VULTURES OF AFRICA AND ASIA. Fig. 1. The red-eared Vulture. Fig. 2. Dung-hunter. Fig. 3. The Shegoun Fig. 4. The Tumbler. Fig. 5. The Ourigourap. | |
| Ad99998 05 050a/eng | Dresses VI. Vol. V. No. 48. PERUVIAN DRESSES. Fig. 1. Inhabitants of Lima. Fig. 2. A Lady of Lima. Fig. 3. Indians of Peru. Fig. 4. Country people. Fig. 5. Inhabitants of Quito. | |
| Ad99998 05 051a/eng | Miscell. Subj. LVI. Vol. V. No. 49. REMARKABLE BRIDGES. Fig. 1. The Devi’s bridge upon St. Gotthard. Fig. 2. The Bridge over the Rohone at St. Maurice. | |
| Ad99998 05 052a/eng | Roses XIV. Vol. V. No. 50. TWO DIFFERENT KINDS OF ROSES. Fig. 1. The little Provence-Rose. (Rosa provincialis minima.) Fig. 2. The Dijon Damason-Rose. (Rosa Damascena Dijonensis.) | |
| Ad99998 05 053a/eng | Birds. LXX. Vol. V. No. 51. DIFFERENT KINDS OF FOREIGN OWLS. Fig. 1. The Chocouhou. Fig. 2. The Huhul. Fig. 3. The Collar-Owl. Fig. 4. The crested owl. Fig. 5. The black mask. Fig. 6. The white Church-owl. | |
| Ad99998 05 054a/eng | Erstprüfung | Insects XXXV. Vol. V. No. 52. BUTTERFLIES OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES. The beautiful Butterflies represendted in the annexed plate, are inhabitants of hotter Climate where Nature in general appears in a much more brilliant attire. Fish, birds and insects glitter in those regions with a thousand colours, so that every traveller coming from Europe is struck with astonishment and surprise. Fig. 1. The green Marble Papilion. This rare Day-butterfly has the colour of green and black marble whence its name is derived. It resembles our swallow-tail butterfly in shape and wings, but is by far superior in size. Fig. 2. The Harlequin. A beautiful Phaleana which derives its name from its motley colour that was compared with the party-coloured jacket of Harlequin. The body has a bright Gold colour the same as half the upper wings, the other half being blue spotted with white; the underwings are also gold coloured, and variegated with black. Fig. 3. The Indian Gold-Butterfly. This beautiful Butterfly is of a Gold colour both above and below; the upperwings being marked by a dark yello spot. Fig. 4. The Scarlet spot. The wings of this butterfly are hairy, of a brown colour, and the upper wings decorated with a large scarlet spot. |
| Ad99998 05 055a/eng | Insects XXXVI. Vol. V. No. 53. THE COMMON CRAWFISH. | |
| Ad99998 05 056a/eng | Miscell. Subj. LVIII. Vol. V. No. 54. CATARACTS. Fig. 1 The falls of Niagara. Fig. 2. The cataract of the Rhine near Lauffen. | |
| Ad99998 05 057a/eng | Miscell. Sub. LIX. Vol. V. No. 55. PUBLICK GAMES IN THE ALPS NEAR UNTERSEEN IN THE CANTON OF BERN. Fig. 1. Wrestling. Fig. 2. The Alp-horns. Fig. 3. Stone-flinging. Fig. 4. The Distribution of prices. | |
| Ad99998 05 058a/eng | Plants XCVI. Vol. V. No. 56. MAGNIFIC FLOWER. The beautiful Nelumbo. (Nelumbium speciosum.) | |
| Ad99998 05 059a/eng | Worms VIII. Vol. V. No. 57. THE MOLLUSKS OR SMOOTH-WORMS. Fig. 1. and 2. The Common cuttle-fisch. (Sepia officinalis.) Fig. 3. The Tuberous cuttle-fish. (Sepia tuberculata.) Fig. 4. The spotted cuttle-fisch. (Sepia maculata.) Fig. 5. The small cuttle-fish. (Sepia sepiola.) | |
| Ad99998 05 060a/eng | Insects. XXXVII. Vol. V. No. 58. GERMAN BUTTERFLIES. Fig. 1. The Poplar Butterfly. (Papilio Nymph. Populi.) Fig. 2. The white marbled Butterfly. (Papilio Dan. Cardamines.) Fig. 3. The brimstone Butterfly. (Papilio D. Rhamni.) Fig. 4. The Silver Comma. (Papilio N. C. album.) Fig. 5. The lesser Tortoise Shell. (Papilio N. urticae.) | |
| Ad99998 05 061a/eng | Miscell. Subj. LX. Vol. V. No. 59. FIELDS AND MOUNTAINS OF ICE. Fig. 1. The Rock or Mountain ice. Fig. 2. The Field ice. | |
| Ad99998 05 062a/eng | Roses XV. Vol. V. No. 60. DIFFERENT KINDS OF ROSES. The white Rose of Damas. (Rosa Damascena flor. alba.) | |
| Ad99998 05 063a/eng | Garments VII. Vol. V. No. 61. ORDERS OF KNIGHTS. Fig. 1. and 2. Templars. Fig. 3. and 4. Knights of the Order of S. John. | |
| Ad99998 05 064a/eng | Garments VIII. Vol. V. No. 62. DIVERS ORDERS OF KNIGHTS. Fig. 1. Knights of the Teutonic Order. Fig. 2. Knights of the golden Fleece. Fig. 3. Knights of S. Stephan Fig. 4. Knights of S. Hubert. | |
| Ad99998 05 065a/eng | Plants XCVIII. Vol. V. No. 68. GERMAN FOREST TREES. Fig. 1. The European Lime-tree. (Tilia Europaea.) Fig. 2. The common Oak. (Quercus pedunculata.) | |
| Ad99998 05 066a/eng | Insects XXXVIII. Vol. V. No. 64. BEAUTIFUL GERMAN BUTTERFLIES. Fig. 1. The bindweed Sphinx. (Sphinx convolvuli.) Fig. 2. The privet Sphinx. (Sphinx Ligustri.) | |
| Ad99998 05 067a/eng | Plants XCVII. Vol. V. No. 65. THE GENUINE LOTOS PLANT. The Egyptian Sea-rose or genuine Lotos-plant. (Nymphaea Lotus.) | |
| Ad99998 05 068a/eng | Garments IX. Vol. V. No. 66. DIVERS ORDERS OF KNIGHTS. Fig. 1. Knights of the order of the black eagle. Fig. 2. Kinights of the order of S. Andrew. Fig. 3. Kinights of the Seraphins order. Fig. 4. Knights of the white Elephant. | |
| Ad99998 05 069a/eng | Insects XXXIX. Vol. V. No. 67. RARE GERMAN MOTHS. Fig. 1. The clifton Non pareil. (Phalaena noctua fraxini.) Fig. 2. The orange underwing Moth (Phalaena noctua paranympha.) Fig. 3. The high red underwing Moth. (Phalaena noctua Hera.) Fig. 4. The crimson underwing Moth. (Phalaena noctua Sponsa.) | |
| Ad99998 05 070a/eng | Birds LXXI. Vol. V. No. 63. AFRICAN BIRDS. Fig. 1. The Bacha. Fig. 2. The Singing Falcon. Fig. 3. The Corbivau. Fig. 4. The Forktailed Goat-Sucker. Fig. 5. The Crested Falcon. Fig. 6. The Chivquera. | |
| Ad99998 05 071a/eng | Worms IX. Vol. V. No. 69. MOLLUSKS OR SMOOTH WORMS. Fig. 1. The Fleeve. (Sepia Loligo.) Fig. 2. The Harpoon Calmory. (Sepia sagittata.) Fig. 3. and 4. The Preke Pour contrel. (Sepia octopodia.) Fig. 5. The grained Ink-fish. (Sepia granulata.) | |
| Ad99998 05 072a/eng | Miscellaneous Subjects LXI. Vol. V. No. 70. NOTHERN APPEARANCES. Fig. 1. The norhern Light. Fig. 2. The Sun at midnight. | |
| Ad99998 05 073a/eng | Quadrupedes LXXIV. Vol. V. No. 71. REMARKABLES SUCKING ANIMALS. Fig. 1. The Canada Rat. (Mus bursarius.) Fig. 2. The Common mouse, white var. (Mus musculus. Var. alba.) | |
| Ad99998 05 074a/eng | Insects. XL. Vol. V. No. 72. REMARKABLE INSECTS. The gigantic Grasshopper. (Gryllus cristatus.) | |
| Ad99998 05 075a/eng | Insects XLI. Vol. V. No. 73. BEAUTIFUL GERMAN HAWK-MOTHS. Fig. 1. The Poplar Sphinx. (Sphinx populi.) Fig. 2. The lime-tree Sphinx. (Sphinx tiliae.) Fig. 3. The trunked Sphinx. (Sphinx Elpenor.) | |
| Ad99998 05 076a/eng | Plants XCIX. Vol. V. No. 74. GERMAN FRUIT-SORTS. Fig. 1. The common plum (Prunus domestica.) Fig. 2. The common cherry. (Prunus avium.) | |
| Ad99998 05 077a/eng | Roses XVI. Vol. V. No. 75. VARIETIES OF ROSES. Fig. 1. The French-Rose. (Rosa gallica. L.) Fig. 2. The large flesh-coloured Rose. (Rosa truncata carnea major.) | |
| Ad99998 05 078a/eng | Birds LXXII. Vol. V. No. 76. GERMAN SINGING BIRDS. Fig. 1. The Nightingale with ist nest. Fig. 2. The petti-chaps. (Motacilla Hippolais.) | |
| Ad99998 05 079a/eng | Plants C. Vol. V. No. 77. GERMAN FOREST-TREES. Fig. 1. The common beech. (Fagus sylvatica.) Fig. 2. The common Elm. (Ulmus campestris.) | |
| Ad99998 05 080a/eng | Plants CI. Vol. V. No. 78. GERMAN FRUIT-SORTS. Fig. 1. The garden-currant tree. (Ribes rubrum.) Fig. 2. The goose-berry-bush. (Ribes grossularia.) | |
| Ad99998 05 081a/eng | Insects XLII. Vol. V. No. 79. MAGNIFICENT FOREIGN BUTTERFLIES. Fig. 1. The Iujube-tree Moth. (Phalaena Bombyx Paphia.) Fig. 2. The Claret-Sphinx. (Sphinx Labruscae.) | |
| Ad99998 05 082a/eng | Miscell. Subj. LXII. Vol. V. No. 80. REMARKABLE CAVERNS. The Gnome’s (Erdmanns) cavern near Hasel. | |
| Ad99998 05 083a/eng | BIRDS LXXIII. Vol. V. No. 81. BEAUTIFUL FOREIGN BIRDS. Fig. 1. The Golden Tanager. (Tanagra violacea.) Fig. 2. The Bishop Tanager. (Tanagra Episcopus.) Fig. 3. The Paradise Tanager. (Tanagra Tatao.) Fig. 4. The Orange Grosbeack. (Loxia aurantia.) Fig. 5. The Java Grosbeack. (Loxia oryzivora.) | |
| Ad99998 05 084a/eng | Plants CII. Vol. V. No. 82. WILD FRUIT-KINDS. Fig. 1. The wild pear. (Pyrus communis.) Fig. 2. The wild apple. (Pyrus malus.) | |
| Ad99998 05 085a/eng | Insects XLIII. Vol. V. No. 83. THE LION-ANT IN IST PIT-FALL. | |
| Ad99998 05 086a/eng | Miscell. Objects LXIII. Vol. V. No. 84. THE COMMON FLY MICROSCOPICALLY CONSIDERED. | |
| Ad99998 05 087a/eng | Roses XVII. Vol. V. No. 85. DIFFERENT SORTS OF ROSES. The pale yellow Scotish Rose. (Rosa spinosissima flore flavo.) | |
| Ad99998 05 088a/eng | Birds LXXIV. Vol. V. No. 86. BEAUTIFUL FOREIGN BIRDS. Fig. 1. The Azur flycatcher. (Muscicpa caerulea.) Fig. 2. The black headed Tanager. (Tanagra atricapilla.) Fig. 3. Cital Tanager. (Tanagra capitalis.) Fig. 4. The Paradise flycatcher. (Muscicapa paradisi.) Fig. 5. The fan-tailed flycatcher. (Muscicapa flabellifera.) | |
| Ad99998 05 089a/eng | Plants CIII. Vol. V. No. 87. GERMAN FRUIT SORTS. Fig. 1. The cornel tree. (Cornus mascula.) Fig. 2. The german medlar. (Mespilus germanica.) | |
| Ad99998 05 090a/eng | Insects XLIV. Bd. V. No. 88. GERMAN MOTHS. Fig. 1. The gipsey moth. (Phalaena Bombyx dispar.) Fig. 2. The quercifoliated Moth. (Phalaena Bombyx quercifolia.) Fig. 3. The Fish-tailed Moth. (Phalaena Bombyx Pruni.) | |
| Ad99998 05 091a/eng | Miscell. Objects LXIV. Vol. V. No. 89. REMARKABLE MOUNTAINOUS PASSAGES IN SWITZERLAND. Fig. 1. The Road over the great mountain of St. Bernard. Fig. 2. The Road over the mountain of St. Gotthard. | |
| Ad99998 05 092a/eng | Roses XVIII. Vol. V. No. 90. DIFFERENT KINDS OF ROSES. Fig. 1. The lucid Rose. (Rosa lucida.) Fig. 2. The large truncated Rose. (Rosa truncata major.) | |
| Ad99998 05 093a/eng | Birds. LXXV. Vol. V. No. 91. REMARKABLE EXOTICK BIRDS. Fig. 1. The Rhinoceros-bird. (Buceros Rhinoceros.) Fig. 2. The Abyssinian Horn-bill. (Buceros abyssinicus.) Fig. 3. The gold-breasted Paradise-bird. (Paradisea aurea.) Fig. 4. The blue green Paradise-bird. (Paradisea viridis.) | |
| Ad99998 05 094a/eng | Insects XLV. Vol. V. No. 92. NATURAL HISTORY OF THE CROSS-SPIDER. | |
| Ad99998 05 095a/eng | Insects XLVI. Vol. V. No. 93. NATURAL HISTORY OF THE CROSS-SPIDER. (Continuation.) | |
| Ad99998 05 096a/eng | Miscell. Sub. LXV. Vol. V. No. 94 MICROSCOPICK OBSERVATIONS UPON THE CRYSTALLIZATION OF METALS. Fig. 1. The Tree of copper. Fig. 2. The Tree of lead. Fig. 3. The Tree of tin. Fig. 4. The Tree of Zinc. | |
| Ad99998 05 097a/eng | Miscellaneous Subjects LXVI. Vol. V. No. 95. THE OLD PALACE OF THE CZARS OF MOSCOW. | |
| Ad99998 05 098a/eng | Birds LXXVI. Vol. V. No. 96. THE CONDUR. | |
| Ad99998 05 099a/eng | Plants CIV. Vol. V. No. 97. MEDICINAL PLANTS: Fig. 1. The lovage leav’d Galbanum. (Bubon galbanum.) Fig. 2. The Gentian of Austria. (Gentiana pannonica.) | |
| Ad99998 05 100a/eng | Insects XLVII. Vol. V. No. 98. BEAUTIFUL GERMAN BUTTERFLIES. Fig. 1. The great streak’d Fritillary. (Papilio Paphia.) Fig. 2. The great Argus. (Papilio Arion.) Fig. 3. The brown-hair streak. (Papilio betulae.) Fig. 4. The small Tortoise-shell. (Papilio Phlaeas.) | |
| Ad99998 05 101a/eng | Worms X. Vol. V. No. 99. THE EAR’D MEDUSA (SEA-NETTLE.) | |
| Ad99998 05 102a/eng | Miscellaneaous Subjects LXVII. Vol. V. No. 100. THE CATHEDRAL AT STRASBOURG. | |
| Ad99998 06 003a/eng | Garments. X. Vol. VI. No. 1. SWISS-GARMENTS. Fig. 1. An inhabitant of Underwalden. he inhabitants of the Canton of Underwalden in Switzerland are good-natured, but little cultivated people; they are inclin'd to melancholy, for the most part poor, and chiefly maintain themfelves by breeding of cattle, which they improve with great induft'ry. Here we behold a cow-herd of this country represented in his feftival fuit. Fig. 2. A country-girl of Bern. Here presents herfelf to us a pretty young country- gid of the Canton of Bern, coming from the field and carrying home potatoes, the has dug"out. She is lightly drefs'd, that fhe may be able, with more eafinefs to work. Fig. 3. A cow-herd of Emmenthal. The Emmenthal in the Canton of Bern is very fruitful and famous for h's excellent c eefe. The breeding of cattle is the chief occupation of the inhabitants of this valley. The plate here adjoined represents a cowherd in his ordinary dreTs, coming very chearfully from his ftable, from whence he carries away the earned milk. Fig. 4 and 5. A girl and a young peasant of Entlibuch. The valley of Entlibuch lies in the Canton of Luzern, being renown'd for the manly, proud, honeft and open character of it's inhabitants, diftinguifh'd too by their inclination to Poetry, Satire, Mufick and gymnaltick exercifes, in the laft of which they particularly excel. The following plates represent them in their ordinary drefs. Fig. 6. A hunter of chamois. Here we view a hunter of chamois of the Swifs-Alps, in his ufual clothes, climbing up the ice-mountains with the help of his pointed ftaff, and his l'hoes arm'd with pricks. Thus he expofes himfelf to the most vifible dangers, in order to enjoy the pleafure of killing a chamois. | |
| Ad99998 06 004a/eng | Miscell. Subj. LXVIII. Vol. VI. No. 2. THE MANNER OF BUILDING IN SWITZERLAND. Fig. 1. A Swiss peasant's house. tT-e Alp-meadows, on which the cows durIing the whole fummer are pasturing, lu n a gcre a t p a tr t o f S w i t z e r l a n d t h e p e a f a ni t s - 4 l r t b, e l e h u t s mj a d e c o, f t r u 1n k s, w i_h-ic 1h a r e. lia y, d. honfes are largeor, 'm o r e f p a c ti o u s a n d t h e - u p o n e, a c h. .i o t h e r, -, ■ (l■ik, e t.h, e RDu f friar n b toorsretore more commodious too, than in many hoQfes) ^ fflilk ü prererVd and tlie cheefe other countries. This we perceive already prepar,d. befides they rerye to the cowin the houTe here exhibited of a country- hfirds for a. lheller alld fleeping - place, man in ths Canton of Underwalden, which ^ré their bed under the roof commonly however is proportionably much poorer and confiris but of long grafs# Here we lee ruder, and has more ignorant and lefs in- fuch & hat from within> vvith all lhe uten. duftrious inhabitants, than many other Swifs- fils requifite for preparing cheefe; with Cantons. The faid houfe is a pretty large which the Alpler vvith all lhe uten. duftrious inhabitants, than many other Swifs- fils requifite for preparing cheefe; with Cantons. The faid houfe is a pretty large which the Alpler (as the herdsmen of the building; the ground-floor is mured up A,ps are calrd) actually is employ'd; at with ftones, becaufe it includes the cellar; the fame time we perceive his wife with the reft is entirely of wood, and the roof his hoy^ who are viating him, and the is cover'd with large fhingles, faften'd with rervant roafting cheefe at the fire for thefe hones. dear guefts; for roafted cheefe goes here Fig. 2. A Sennhut. for a great delicacy. Not before winter the Sennhuts are call'd in Switzerland woo- Alpler returns with his herd to the valley, den huts conftructed in the mountains near where his fixed dwelling is. | |
| Ad99998 06 005a/eng | Miscell. Subj. LXIX. Vol. VI. No. 3. REMARKABLE ICE-HILLS, AS THE SOURCE OF GREAT RIVERS. 1 he Ice-hills (t'all'd Gletfcher) in Switzer- takes its rife out of the three principal branlancl are prodigious maffes of ice on the dies, the fore - middle- and hind -Rhine) ruAlps, being inexhauftible refervoirs for fup- fhes forthas a brook of the ice-hill, with which plying the flowing waters, which from them the 13 lel'fer brooks unite themTelves, turntake their origin. Two of them, reprefen- Min g down from the Shell-horn (Mitjchelhorn) ted here, deferve, a particular noticefor giv- a rock of two hours length, ing the exiftence to two of the largeft rivers of Europe. Fig. 1. The Rhinewaldgletscher or the first spring of the Rhine. Fig. 2. The Ice-hill of the Rhone. hick origin derives the Rhone, that rifes out or the firft ferine of the Rhine. of the ice - hin of the Rhone or the Furca' 1 ° one of the moli beautiful ice - hills in the - In the "back - ground of the Rhincwald- whole chain of Alps. It lies on the fide of thai, furrounded on all fides with lofty the Furca, a lofty mountain, that is the mountains, in the helvetick Canton of Gn- South-"VYeft horn of the St. Gotthard, at the Jons lies the great PJiineuuddgletJchcr, a confines of Wallis, Bern and Uri, and of prodigious mafs of ice in a gloomy, folitary the full higher Galenfiok till down in the place. From an ice-vault, which fometi- valley of G cran, and is the iffue of an icemes is very great and brilliant (we fee it here valley of 6 hours length. Three fmall brooks copied from nature) the hindmoft Rhine (for iffue out of this ice- hill, and form the the whole Rhine, the nobleft river in Europe, fprings of the Rhone. | |
| Ad99998 06 006a/eng | Miscell. Subj. LXX. Vol. VI. No. 4. THE STAUBBACH. \Jne of the most remarkable, celebrated ling-white, continually fhifting form in the and frequented cascades in Switzerland is the air. About noon, when the fun-beams ftrike Staubbach in thé no lefs Fig. nal valley of Lau- this tumbling water, the beauty of this gloterbrunnen, in the Canton of Bern. This rious fport of nature reaches the higheft deStaubbach precipitates iifelf near the village gree; and coming nearer you behold in it of Lauterbrunn, over the fteep rocky wall of two circular rainbows. There is no danger, the mountain of Piateli, about 900 feet from to place himfelf between the rocky wall, and on high. It forms in fact two cascades, one the upper water-fall; the only inconvenient, above the other; the upper Fig.. 1.) falls in one undergoes, is to be wetted by the fpoua rocky bafon, out of which the water fpouts ting water. In the winter one perceives in again, and forms the lower cascade (Fig.. 2.). this Staubbach quite lingular and curious At this fall the water is in the air diffolv'd figures of ice. More upwards it forms yet into the fineft duft (from whence the name other fplendid waterfalls, but not fo high, of Staubbach) waving as an etherian, dazz | |
| Ad99998 06 007a/eng | Miscell. Subj. LXXI. Vol. VI. No. 5. MICROSCOPICK CONSIDERATION OF THE SPUNGE AND OF THE CHANGING TAFFETA. Fig. 1. The Spunge. 1 he Spunge, this. yellowifh- brown loofe. body, we make ufe of, to clean and wafh us, chiefly gruws on the rocky ground of leverai islanJrof the Mediterraneaa Sea, where it is by the divers torn off and gather'd. That it very eafily fokes up the water, every body knows. Bat in what manner this happens, we perceive here, by looking on this little piece of fpunge, magnify'd by the microrcope. The truth is, the whole fpunge confifts of a texture of many nice, flexible hair-channels, which quickly foke in the water and fwell the fpunge. On account •f the foftnefs and flexibility of the little channels the fpunge may be as eafily fqueezed out, lìnee by the fqueeze of the hand the water is again pump'd out, as out of a jack. ■ Fig. 2. The changing taffeta. The varying play of colours, we obferve in the changing taffeta, (as in the V. Vol. Nro. 40. in the Iris papillon) only derives from the many-coloured threads, as the magnifying (b) clearly proves. The warp namely confifts in this cafe of yellow threads, but the woof of purple ones. According as you turn the taffeta, the yellow or the purple colour prevails, or a fine mixture of both colours arifes. | |
| Ad99998 06 008a/eng | Plants CV. Vol. VI. No. 6. BEAR'S BREECH. I he Bear's breech deferves our notice, be- permanent plant, growing wild in Sicily caute the most ancient greek and roman Ar- and in the lower parts of Italy. The leaves chitecture already adopted it's well fhaped (A) form a leafy rofe, out of which fhoots leaves as an ornament to the Capitals of the ftalk, 2 or 3 feet high, with violet and the columns, efpecially of the corinthick white bloffoms. order, and befides embellifhed them by regularity. The gothick as well as the modern Architecture has retain'd this decora- ^8- 2' The Brank - Urlili. ting plant. Till now we know. 14 fpecies, , , . (Acanthus fpinofus.) of bear's breech 5 but the two following ones J are preferably imitated in Architecture. This fpecies grows likewife upon humid Fig. 1. The genuine bear's breech. (Acanthus mollis.) places in Italy. The leaf i, large and well { rhaped; at the extremities of the liule lea The genuine or foft bear's breech is a Fig. 2. The Brank-ursin. (Acanthus spinosus.) are pricks, as at the leaves of the thiftl | |
| Ad99998 06 009a/eng | Worms XI. Vol. VI. No. 7. SEA-CREATURES. Fig. 1. The thorny or echinated cockle (Cardium echinatum.) As we commonly behold in the cabinets Fig. 2. The wonderful Sea-feather. (Pennatula mirabilis.) of natural products the beautiful variegated cockle-fhells but vacant, we might eafily imagine, that they are inhabited by no living creature. But of the contrary convin- This Sea-feather is a coral-like cafe ces us this representalion A, B and C of delicately form'd, being inhabited by a potile thorny cockle, an inhabitant of the lypus-like worm, and provided with lateral Nord-Sea. At A we perceive the creature branches nicely feathered, like the wings in the fhell, being fomewhat open'd on the of a plume. Thefe creatures attain to a fharp border, and at B from the fide, where length of 6 or 8 inches, being met with one obferves the fithe-like and orange-co- in the European and American Seas, where loured foot of the animal, which aids it in they are fwimming at large. | |
| Ad99998 06 010a/eng | Fishes XLI. Vol. Vl. No. 8. SINGULAR FISHES. Fig. 1. The chordated Stylephorus. (Stylephorus chordatus.) 1 his fifli of a quite fingular fhape lias but 2o years ago been known, when it was brought from the* Weftindian Seas to England. It's eyes ftand on the two fhort cylinders, and the head with the fnout directed upwards confifts of a flexible leathery duplicature. The body terminates in a ftringlike length of i foot and io inches; whereas the length of the body itfelf amounts but to io inches. Fig. 2. The painted Angler. (Lophius pictus.) The painted angler is a native of the pacific Ocean, and is obferved. about NewHolland and Otaheitee. Over thé~wide open mouth fticks a long filament, by which it entices fmall fifhes to devour them. Befides one perceives on the back a pair of thick proceffes. The prime-colour is dull brown with yellow and red fpots. %. Fig. 3. The marbled Angler. (Lophius marmoratus.) This fifh is likewife a native of the pacific Ocean. The body is of a black-brown colour, marbled with blueifh, white and red fpots. Above the upper lip fticks a long filament, forking into two at the tip, and the pectoral fins refemble the paws of a quadruped, but are by no means fo. | |
| Ad99998 06 011a/eng | Miscell. Subj. LXXII. Vol. VI. No. 9. METEORS. lo the extraordinary meteors or airy pbe- netrable to us.- The meteor here Fig. ured nomeca belong the fiery globes, that now was to be feen at London the 13th of Noand then all at once appear in the air. vember, 1803. towards half paft eight o' Tho' we cannot yet trace them to their clock in the evening. To an obferver the original, however they are by no means an fiery mafs appear'd at firft (Fig.. 1.) fnictly omen of an imminent misfortune, as fimple, circumfcrib'd, and accompanied by feveral fuperftitious people imagine. We rnuft ra- little fiery balls; but when advancing it got ther fuppofe, that, like the North-light and a fiery tail. An other obferver perceiv'd other phenomena, they owe their exiftence (Fig.. 2.) beams flafhing out of the elliptick to eftablifhed natural laws, but ftill impe- body, which terminated in little ftars. | |
| Ad99998 06 012a/eng | Miscell. Subj. LXXIII. Vol. VI. No. 10. MICROSCOPIC SUBJECTS. VV e have already before in our Gallery is the difference of the Brabandifh lace, Vol. II. Nro. 98. confider'd and compared wrought by human hands! They are woven the works of nature withthofe of art under or fevved partly of filk, but eTpecially of the magnifying-glafs, obferving, how much flax. An only pound of raw flax in the the former excel in perfection. "Which we Netherlands is wrought up to 7000 florins fhall likewife perceive here, by comparing of points, and nothing more accqmplifhed the two most artful webs, the fpider's-net and regularly beautiful can be feen by meet and a little piece of Brabandifh lace by eyes. However under the magnifying glafs means of the microscope. The greateft re- it appears quite otherwife. The fine lace gularity reigns in the fingle divifions of presents itfelf here as an intangling of many the fpiders-net (Fig.. 1.) both the long and ropes (for fuch feem to be the fingle threads) the crofs - threads are of the fame bignefs being without any regularity tvvifted. and diftance. On the contrary how great | |
| Ad99998 06 013a/eng | Insects XLVIII. Vol. VI. No. 11. BEAUTIFUL EXOTICK BUTTERFLIES. Fig. 1. The Fast-indian Argus. J A beautiful diurnal butterfly, which is found in the East-Indies! It is here Fig. ured, like the three other, in natural fize. The ground of the wings is dark-brown with light- yellow fpots. The lower wings are adorn'd by a large eyefpot black and blue. Fig. 2. The green-streak'd Westindian Swallow-tail. This exotick fcarce fwallow - tail of Surinam in America refembles ours in Fig. ure; only in the colouring it differs, being tinged with green and black ftieaks. Fig. 3. The American Fire-Spot. (Pap. Eq. H. Ricini.) The deep-red lower wings give it a lively appearance; on each of the brown upperwings we obferve two yellow fpots. Fig. 4. The orange-colour'd wing of Surinam. It diftinguifhes itfelf like the former by it's long but fmall wings, as alio by the long flender body. It's colouring conlifts of a pleafing variety of orange-tawny and brown. | |
| Ad99998 06 014a/eng | Misc. Subj. LXXIV. Vol. VI. No. 12. THE MANNER, IN WHICH THE NEGROS IN AMERICA STRIP THE BUFFALO SNAKE (BOA CONSTRICTOR.) VV e know already by the III. Vol. No. 85. fhots. David faften'd the knot of a cord of our Gallery, that the Buffalo - Snake around the neck of the beaft, which he caus(Boa conftrictor) is a terrible creature, which ed to be drawn up by fome other Negros. attains to a length of 30 or 40 feet. This Then he himfelf climb'd up along the fnake, Serpent is aifo met with in America in Su- cut up the belly and ftripd of the fkin. The rinatn, where the Natives call it Aboma. copious fat, which is faid tobe whole-fome The Englifhoian Stcdman, who pafs'd feve- for bruifes, was carefully gather'd; the flefh ral years in the military Service of the was drefs'd and eat by the Negros with much Dutch in Surinam. kill'd with his Negro appetite. David, fuch a Serpent by leverai mufket | |
| Ad99998 06 015a/eng | Misc. Subj. LXXV. Vol. VI. No. 13. THE GATHERING OF THE COCHINEAL INSECTS. The cochineal infect, which lives on the plants. After fome months, when they have common Indian Fig. {Cactus opuntia) in South attain'd to their full growth, they are brufh'd America, we know already by the II. Vol. of with pencils of roc's hair (b) and gather'd. No. 31. of our Gallery. On account of it's Afterwards the cochineal infects are kill'd beautiful red colour a great traffick is exercis- either upon hot plates (f) and poured into ed with it, and the cochineal infect in Me- vefsels (g, h) or it is done in bafkets in hot xico is in particular plantations of the com- water, and then they are fpread upon mats mon Indian Fig. cultivated and bred up. Thefe and dried. The laft method is the beft. The Fig. s (a) we fee here planted by rows, and the cochineal infects are gather'd in the plantafoil kept always loofe by labourers (c). The tions three times in the year from the month little creatures are carefully placed on the of December till May. — | |
| Ad99998 06 016a/eng | Misc. Subj. LXXVI. Vol. VI. No. 14 THE SNOW WITH IT'S CRYSTALLIZATIONS. The Snow is bere the object of our contem- When in calm weather the Snow falls in plation. — The truth is, our atmofphere is reparate thin flakes, we have often occafion always fill'd with watery vapours. Being con- to obferve it's various but regular Figures, geal'd or cryftallized by the wimer - froft, almoft all arifing from the hexagon. The adthey form a loofe white mafs. which being joined plate exhibits Teveral of thefe Snowheavier, than the air, falls down upon the cry ftallizaiions, confiderahly magnify'd bj earth and covers it, as it were, with a white the microfcope. Fig.. 1. 2. 3. were o'nferv'd robe. This is the Snow, that clears up the in Styria. Fig. 4. 5. 6. 8- 9- offer us fuch gloomy days of winter and protects the Seed Snow - crystallizations, as a Naturalift in Swim great cold. But alfo it often happens, tzerland took notice of; and Fig.. 7. thole, «that a little Snowball, breaking loofe from the which were rem ark' d and fet down at BrestoP of lofty mountains, being at 1 aft by it's law. The natural fize of the Snow -cryftdh ro hng along increafed to an huge mafs, as a we find delineated under fix numéros. great drift of Snow becomes the deftroyer of whole houfes, nay even of fmall villages, which are over whelm'd by it. | |
| Ad99998 06 017a/eng | Misc. Subj. LXXVII. Vol. VI. No. 15. FROZEN GLASS-PANES. The water being depriv'd of a part of it's chambers cling to the cold glafs-panes ana calorique, at a certain degree of cold in the congeal there into various ice-Fig. ures. Their Winter (the freezing point) congeals or variety probably depends on the nature of changes itfelf in a hard elaftic body, which the vapours. Here we behold fome examwe call Tee. This freezing happens, when pies of fuch frozen glafs-panes, in the water at firft fingle ice-pins form Fig.. I and 2. Thel'e were obferv'd by themfelves, which under different angles the Profeffor Hacquet in the fevere Winter meet together, "and by degrees make a fo- of 1788 tiU 1789- There appear'd on the lid body, as it arrives in the formation of frozen glafs - panes the perfect Fig. ure of cryftals. This mafs is fo firm, that once Zoophytes./ for fport's fake an ice - palace has been Fig.. 3 and 4. Thefe leaf-like figures l»uilt, as we fhall fee in the fequel. were obferv'd in the rigorous Winter of 1740 on the glafs-panes of the caftle of pleafure, In the Winter the vapours of the warm Belvedere near Weimar, and delineated. It Miscellanea LXXVII. Tom. VI. No. 15. FINESTRE GELATE. Quando nell' inverno ad un certo grado del camere calde fi condenfano su i r.riltalli delle freddo {chiamato grado del ghiaccio) l'acqua fineftie, e quivi gelando forman vario e divien privata di una parte del fuo calorico, verfe Fig. ure. La loro varietà probabilmente effa fi gela, e vien ridotta in un corpo folido nasce dalla qualità de' vapori. Qui vediamo edelaftico, che ghiaccio fi dice. Nascon pri- rapprefentate alcune fineftre gelate. ma nelP acqua alcuni ftrali di ghiaccio, che Fig.. 1 e 2. furono offervate dal Sig. fotto diverfi angoli congiungendofi, a poco a •. Hacquet nell' inverno freddi filmo del 1788 poco ne fanno un corpo folido, come fuccede e 1789; le fineftre gelate inoltravano Fig. ure nella criftallifazione de' sali. Quefta malfa che perfettamente raffomigliavano i Zoofiti, d'acqua condenfata è d'una tal fodezza, che una volta per ifcherzo ne fu fabbricato un. Fig.. 304. fomiglianti al fogliame palazzo di ghiaccio, come in appreffo ve- delle piante, furono offervate e copiate nel dremo. palazzo ducale di Belvedere preffo Weimar Coli anche nell' inverno i vapori delle nell' famofo inverno del 1740. | |
| Ad99998 06 018a/eng | Misc. Subj. LXXVIII. Vol. VI. No. 16. INDIAN GARBS. By this and the folloiving three plates we become in many refpects acquainted with the manners and cuftoms of the Indians or Hindoos, who inhabit Hindoftan in the middle part of South-Alia. Fig. 1. A Pandarum or Hindoo mendicant- friar. The Hindoos are a harmlefs, fimple, goodnatnred, hut withall very fuperftitious people. This is improv'd by a numberlefs multitude of cheats, who as mendicant-friars of Brama's and the Mahometan religion roam through Hindoftan, as forcerers and foothlayers deceiving the people, which thinks them to be Saints. To this clafs likewife belong the Pandarums, who clothed in an odd manner, rove about and practile foothfavin". * Jo Fig. 2. A Fakir. The Fakirs are Mahometan mendicantfriars, who perform the Cervice at the Mofques, go on pilgrimage to Mecca, and roam about in the country, to impofe upon their credulous believers. Fig. 3. An Indian Clerk. The Hindoos maintain the degree of halfcultivated people, and are able to write. This they perform upon Palmleaves, call'd Ollas, by means of a fharp ftyle, like as we fee here the Omply drefs'd clerk represented. Fig. 4. A Carriage loaden with Idols. The Hindoos of Brama's religion worfhip Idols in their Temples or Pagodes. Thel'e Idols are frequently carried in Proceffion through the ftreets, which is commonly done in fuch carriages, trimm'd up with many ornaments and banners. Fig. 5. A Hackery. The only carriage proper for travelling in India is the Hackery, an open cheft, that refts on a two-wheel'd carr, drawn by oxen. Only one perfon can fit therein; the oxen are govern'd by means of a ftring drawn through their nolirils. | |
| Ad99998 06 019a/eng | Misc. Subj. LXXIX. Vol. VI. No. 17. INDIAN PENITENTS. 1 he Hindoos are in their fuperftitious no- Fiff. 2. A Dak allibar i tions of religion very extravagant. Thus they imagine, to render themfelves agree- The Dakambaris are a particular Sect able to the gods and to expiate their fins of Penitents, who pretend from a fanatical by ielltormenting of the body. Such Peni- Pri:le t0 be infenfible to all pain. Tims tents go then for Saints in the opinion of one carries here a fire-pan on his bare tho vulgar. We fee fome o£ them repre- »and, and burns it without any Sign of fentcd upon this plate. Imart- TIe ileePs uPon a cover interlaced with thorns, which he bears under his Fig. 1. The Penitent on the gibbet. To the honour of the Goddefs Ragawadi a Penitent on her Fefiival has caufed Fig. 2. A Dakambari. Peiliteilt rolling along. an iron hook to be put through the flefh at his fhoulders. Drawn on high on a gib- This Pilgrim roll'd, without rifing, a bet, he utters leverai prayers, without tract of thirty German miles, fin gin g all diftorting a mien, and at laft plucks a gar- along longs to the praile of the gods. Being land afunder, of which the alfembled people rich, two of his Slaves always went before ea^erlv gathers up each little leaf, prefer- him, in order to remove all obftacles and Ting it as holy relicks. to fupply him with meat and drink. Fig 3. A Penitent rolling along. | |
| Ad99998 06 020a/eng | Misc. Subj. LXXX. INDIAN JUGGLERS. The Hindoos have very much agility and dexteritv in all motions of the body, and diftinguifh themfeh es as rope-dancers by a great many particular tricks. The present plate offers feveral proofs of it. Fig. 1. Indian Jugglers in the Fort George. On the parade of the Fort George at Madras feveral Indian jugglers are plaving before the Engliihtnen their tricks. On the left a female juggler is climb'd up an unfaften'd pole of Bamboos, 30 feet high, balancing there upon and moving berfelf along with it according to the mufick. The five other jugglers accomplifh many tricks. On the right, wo la (iian women dan^ on the rope, rêverai times paCKog by each ether. One plays a Bring infiniment, the other holds in her hands two cups quite fulfilled with water. Fig. 2. A tamer of snakes. A Hindoo caufes here a tamed SpectacleSnake, of which he has broke out the venomous teeth, to move itfelf up and down after his inftrument, compofed of a hollow gourd with a piece of Bamboos - reed. An evidence of the great effect of mufick upon beafts Ì Fig. 3. A Juggling with de bull. An Indian juggler lies here firetched oft the ground. He places at firft a wood to the Fig. ure of a cup upon his body, on which his drels'd bull by and by gets up with all four feet. The juggler holds ont a fécond wood, which the bull cliinhs alfo :. whilft th" Hindoo pufhes it on the So he does with the third wood. At laft the bull remains ballancing on high. | |
| Ad99998 06 021a/eng | Misc. Subj. LXXXI. Vol. VI. No. 19. MOSQUES AND PAGODS IN HINDUSTAN. The Temples of the true Hindoos, who people to prayer. On the left fide of the are addicted to the religion of Brama, are Mosque the monument of a Nabob is to ca]l'd Pagods, but thofe of the adventitious be feen. Mahometans, have the name of Mosques. Both kinds we behold here Fig. 1. Grand Mosque near Arcot. This Mosque, built in a maffive man- Fig. 2. The Pagod of Wira-Mally. On a fteep rock is filuated the Pagod of iter, lies near the city of Arcot; towards JVira- Mally, in the Kingdom of Tanfhaure. Weft it is open and adorn'd by arches. The In thefe pagan Temples, which confift of fpiinfide, where the prieft recites prayers and res pyramidally built, halls and colonnades, reads palTages of the Koran, ti eir f:tcied the idols are preferv'd. The Bramines or book, is cover'd with carpets, at the er.try Priefts, who lodge in the courts, are alone 0f which the Ihoes and flippers muft be put permitted to enter into the most holy place, off. On both ends rife the fpires or Mina- where, they imagine, the myfteries of the rets, from whence the priefts are calling the deity are reveal'd. | |
| Ad99998 06 022a/eng | Misc. Subj. LXXXII. Vol. VI. No. 20. THE COMETS. J he comets belong to the extraordinary in g out. If this filine goes before the head, phenomena in the ftarred fky. On that ac- it is call'd the beard, but if it follow* it, we count fuperftitious people formerly look'd on call it the tail; of the laft kind we fee in the them as ominous Fig. ns, and foolißily ima- Fig.. 2 ami 3 two comets represented. That gin'd their appearance to forebode war, di- of Fig., 3. was accurately obfcrv'd by the Afu-ofeafes and other ills. The comets receive nomer Hevelius at Danzig in the year 1661 their light from the fun, but they don't move in the month of February and March. On themfelves in regular orbites around it, like the 3th of February (A) appear'd the kernel the planets, butin an Ellipfis, whereby they of a yellowifh light, but inwardly fome what now and then approach very near to the fun, reddifh. The long tail was at the kernel and then withdraw themfelves very far, as fmall and thick, and grew by degrees larger we find in the Fig.. 1. evidenced by a piece and thinner. On the 6lh of February (B) of an orbite of comet. Thefe celeftial bodies Hevelius took notice of feveral fpotj in the confift of a round luminous head or kernel, kernel; the tail now appear'd foaller, more from which a bright transnavo«. rv,- n 1 ■, . s transparent Chine 1« flow- faint and more pointed. | |
| Ad99998 06 023a/eng | Misc. Subj. LXXXIII. Vol. VI. No. 21. THE HORSE WITH IT'S DIFFERENT RACES. The 'horfe, this domeftick animal, which is fo uieful to man, deferves with it's different races or fpecies our particular notice; as we have already given in the II. Vol. of our Gallery the picture of the wild horfe as well as of the horfe in general This and the fubfequent five tables reprefer. t to us the following celebrated races of horfcs : Frieslandifh, Hollfieinian, Danifh, Englifh, French, Neapolitan, Spanifli, Hungarian, Polnifli, Rufsian, Turkijli, Arabian and Barb. Fig. 1. The Frieslandish and Hollsteinian horse. The Frieslandifh horfe diftinguirhes it1'elf by the tallnefs and ftrcngth of it's body, by a heavy head, big neck, large back, and a broad cleft croup, with a low let tati. It's thighs are ftrong, roundifh, and thickfet with hairs. The horfes of Hollfiein commonly have ram's-!n ads; the forepart is well built, but tlie hi-.idpart generally too weak; the hoofs are too large and clumfy. Bo'.h kinds are more drawing-than riding horfes. The inoift climate nnd the grafs containing a «eat deal of watery particles, in which their food conQfts, are the caufes of their being fubject to many diftempers. Fig. 2. The Danish horse. The diftinctive character of it is a clumfy head, ftrong neck, broad cheft, long low loins, it's croup being in proportion with the cheli too I'm. ill. It is a firm durable race of horfes, which efpecially in modern time« by confiant endeavours of feveral fkilful men has been much improved. The juftly valued whiieborn horfes are of a Danilh origin, and almoft the only ones, that are bred in the royal ftuds. They greatly diftinguifh themfelves by the fineft white fhining hair. Around the eyes as well, as the mouth and the nofe they are fief h coloured and fprinkled with black little points. They have a thick barb; the hoofs are yellow. The head is pretty large, with a broad front, and Tome what curved. A pair of large darkbiown eyes with a flelhcoloured and blatkfpottcd edge likewife characterifes them. The forepart is very tall, the pofture and ftructure of the legs is regular and wellform'd. They are befides compact, and commonly have a well arched croup. A train of Tuch v.hiteborn horfes is perhaps the B* neft fhow of thiy kind. | |
| Ad99998 06 024a/eng | Misc. Subj. LXXXIV. Vol. VI. No. 22. THE HORSE WITH IT'S DIFFERENT RACES. Fig. 1. The English horse. A he fine Englifh race-horfe derives from the Arabian or Barb, and therefore much referable? both of them, except that it is much taller. It has a fine dry head, a wellturn'd neck, tall lean withers, light fhoulders, a Jtraight back, the tail being well fet on a fine croup. This kind is only made ufe of for races, and when they grow older, havin» Fig. nalized themfelves, for breeding. One finds among them horfes of extraordinary fwiftnefs; commonly they run two englifh miles in four minutes, four miles in nine minutes. [But they are already as foals of two years exercifed in running twice in a day in winter as in fummer, their foddering and diet being calculated for this end. The common Englifh country horfe is totally different from the former, it's head being thick, flafhy, the neck fhort, the croup blunt, the ftrong legs thick fel with hairs. The most of them are bred in the province of Yorkfhire, and employ'd as courfers and in the fervice of the cavalry. Fig. 2. The French horse. France has, befides it's fine and noble races of horfes, among which thofe of Limoulin and Normandy diftinguifh themfelves as ridinghorfes. In fome parts a fingular caft of work-and peafant — horfes, which are known for their uglineis. Their head refembles that of a hog, the ears are far dtftant from one another, flapping down, »he neck is fhort and thick fet with brifily manes, the croup is very blunt, the ftrong legs are cover'd with hairs till above the knee. They are firm durable workhorfes, contenting themfelves with Tedge, and other mean Corti of erafs. | |
| Ad99998 06 025a/eng | Misc. Subj. No. LXXXV. Vol. VI. No.23. THE HORSE WITH ITS DIFFERENT RACES. Fig. 1. The Neapolitan horse. liefe horfes aie tall, they hare a flefhy neck and withers and a ram's head. They are fomewhat high-legged with narrow hoofs. Their croup refembles that of the mules. Their temperament is commonly vicious, wicked and ftubborn. They are belter drawingthan riding-horfes. The belt of them ave bred in Terra di Lavoro, di Otranto, di Barri, in Calabria and in Apulia. Fig. 2. The Spanish horse. It has a noble, proud air, fparkling eyes, is full of mettle, and yet tame and docile. The head is generally fomewhat thick; yet there are alfo lam's heads not unfrequent. They have longifh, but well fet ears, the mouth fomewhat pointed and fmall chaws. The neck is indeed big, but wcllform'd and ihickfet with hairs. It has a broad cheft, the body fomewhat big, low loins, a long round croup. The legs are elegant, furnifh'd with ftrong looie Sinews, not cover'd with hairs. The hair is commonly of the chefsnut - colour or black; white fpots or white feet are very rarely found. They are the firft horfes for the manage and for the fervice in war. Thole of Upper-Andalufia are most fought for; but alfo in the mountains of Cordova they breed horfes, that are indeed little, but vigorous, durable, powerful, and not to betiied. | |
| Ad99998 06 026a/eng | Plants CVI. Vol. VI. No. 24. THE MANGUSTAN TREE. The Manguftan tree (Gavcinia Mango- ward unpalatable peel is broken of, one findi ftana) grows in the Eaft Indies, and in a white favoury pulp, which being inwardly the neighbouring Islands, efpecially that divided in fix compartments, includes the of Java, bearing a very favoury whole- kernels. This pulp is of an agreeable favour, Tome fruit. The tree attains to the and is frequently enjoy'd in the Indies, height of our mulberry • trees, has long lea- being very refrefhing and wholefome. Even »es, and bears red blofToms, appearing at in dyfenteries and other epidemical difeafes the end of the branches. The globular fruit the phyficians prefcribe the Mangufiana as a has the bignefs of a Imall apple, and from counteracting remedy, without a redbrown colour. When the out | |
| Ad99998 06 027a/eng | Infects XLIX. Vol. VI. No. 25. SEVERAL SPECIES OF INDIGENOUS CRICKETS. Fig. 1. 2. 3. The house-cricket. (Gryllus domesticus.) 1 he house-cricket likes best to dwell with the men in the hake - arid brew-houfes, where it lives in nooks, being known by the Thrill fouud, it produces by the friction of the ftvong underwings. It feeds upon meal, bread, lard etc. The female lays little whitifh eggs, from which after ten or twelve days the young crickets are flipping out. being at firfl winglefs. After they have feveral times caft the fkin, one beholds the fhea'ths of the wings Fig.. 2.) We fee them in their natural greatnel's Fig. 1. and 3. The skinned underwings are widely juttiDg over the upper ones, and are provided with a horny point. Fig. 4. 5. The field-cricket. (Gryllus campestris.) The field-cricket lives in the fields and woods, being cistinguilVd from the iorrner by the darker colour and coarfer Fig. ure, and feeding on littie infects and roots. Like the houfe cricket it excites with the wings ihe chirping found, that in fun,mer evenings is frequently heard in the fields. Fig. 6. 7. The mole-cricket. (Gryllus gryllotalpa.) The mole-cricket, which we fee Fig.. h. represented as nymph, and Fig.. 7. in its full growth, is the largeft kind of crickets in Germany, and a noxious infect. With its ftrong mole- like fore-feet it digs eafy pal'faget ihrough the furface of the earth, gnawing all the tender roots of the plants. It has finali horny upperwings, and large thin underwings, but of which it leldoni makes ule. | |
| Ad99998 06 028a/eng | Misc. Subj. LXXXVI. Vol. VI. No. 26. THE HORSE WITH IT'S DIFFERENT RACES. Fig. 1. The Hungarian horse. TheTe horfe« are of the middling kind, they have fomewhat heavy heads and narrow uoftrils, a long body, but good thighs. They are vigorous durable riding horfes, that with fcanty food endure great fatigues. Fig. 2. The Polnish horse. For the most part they are bred in the Ruffian and Auftrian part of the former Kingdom of Poland. In general they are rather little, than tall; their head is pretty well-form'd. They have moftly the neck of a ftag, but a ftrong ftraight back, vigorous fhort loins, a fine fomewhat pointed croup, with a wellfet tail, which they wear in a bow; their legs are nice, with little hair, but vigorous. They are extremely ufeful, when by a good and convenient treatment they have loft their fhinefs and timorousnefs. | |
| Ad99998 06 029a/eng | Misc. Subj. LXXXVII. Vol. VI. No. 27. THE HORSE WITH IT'S DIFFERENT RACES. Fig. 1. The Turkish horse. Platc has in the middle a round-opening, the nailholes are rather round, than i Fig. 2. The Russian horse. IlOrfe. Tartarian, and has therefore much in com- The indigenous RtSfcari horfe is chiefly mon with them. Thefe horfes are power- to be fought in Great- Pmffia. It has no fine fui, nimble, mettlefome and of good breath, ftaturc, but is middle- fi/.'d; the head is foeafily bear all fatigues without prejudice to mewhat big and flefhy, the front fiat, the their health, and grow very old. It is the- eye phlegmatic, the neck fhort and thick, refore commonly faid of thefe horfes:, ,they the breaft broad, the croup ftrong, the legs die without being become old"; lince old cover'd with hairs, the hoof more flat, than age itfelf nothing robs of their prerogatives, prominent, the tail and the mane long. It's The Turks are wont to fhoe their horfes with character is quiet, obedient and docile. They a particular sort of iron, which confifts of are efpecially excellent and durable drawinga plate, that in the forepart and on the Tides horfes, able to make in a fhort time journeys has ihe roundnefs of the hoof, and behind in of more than loo Miles, and obdurate againft the balls terminates in a blunt point. This any change of weather. | |
| Ad99998 06 030a/eng | Misc. Subj. No. LXXXVIII. Vol. VI. No. 28. THE HORSE WITH IT'S DIFFERENT RACES. Fig. 1. The Arabian horse. i- his is the most accomplifh'd and nobleft of it's fpecies, and of the middle fize; it's length commonly imports fomewhat move, thaa it's height. II'*, principal diftinctive character is thehead, with a Arai glu flat front; the ears are indeed fomewhat great, but well let; it has beautiful large eyes, fhining with a quiet fire, and a Araight nofe with wide epen noftrils. The well-form'd neck has a Imall indent next to the withers, and the tail is well fei to the finely rounded croup. The line thighs gain by the vigorous mulcles and Sinew» a particular Arength, and the longifh darkgrey hoofs have a very firm confiftency. It is very nimble and durable, hearing without hurt the harHfhips of long and oft repeated marches. As foals they are already mounted by the children of the Arabs; they remain night and day Cad die a% and take an hahit, which united with their other qualities, makes them the best hunting and warhoiTes; a fame, that they have maintain'«! fili ce the most ancient times. Fig. 2. The horse from Barbary. abbreviation it is alio call'd Barb, is middlefized, has a Ihecp's head, a thin neck cover'd with fhort manes, lean but A iff fhoulders, a fine back, Ihort Aung loins, a longilh croup, with high fet tail; the thighs are vigorous, but Aretched, and the hoof, like that of the Arabian, fomewhat long. Theie horres are very nimble; at firft indeed they go fomewhat lazily; but being animated, they quickly give proofs of their Itiength and vigour. Next to the horfes from Tunis, thofe from Marocco and Fer-/, are most valued. | |
| Ad99998 06 031a/eng | Miscell. Subj. LXXXIX. Vol. VI. No. 29. THE ICE-PALACE UPON THE NEWA AT ST. PETERSBOURG. 1 ho QIIL Section, No. 15 of onr Gallery Fig.. I. the length of which amounted to 52J-, already informed us of the nature of the ice, the breadth to about 16, and the height to a:;d gave us an Recount of a fatali palace, 20 feet. All the decorations of it, the ftatues built with ice. v.'hich we fee here :rprc-[en- themfelves were of ice. At the entrance layted. This happened in la* rigorous wiuter, two dolphins (Fig.. 2.) that in the night caft 1740 at Petersbiurg, in the r«ign of the Era- out ftrcams of burning Naphta. Hard by were pieTs Anna, one attempted already in the placed canons and mortars (Fig.. 3.4.) wholly November, IJtf}, the Brfi building on the tur.i'd out of ice., where with they went fo frozen river of Newn, but die ice of r. cculd fax as to ritfa a [snail charge of gunuot Lear the burden, awl tu yield, powder. Within the palace there were feveNeverthelefs loon afterwards the hructure ral chambei 1, with tables, chairs, watches was repeated on the continent between the and other furniture, altogether wrought out Fort of the Admiralty and the Winterpslace; of ice. Thus this curious ice - palace remain'd which perfectly fucceeded. The large tHpi feveral months till the end of March, when hewn out of ice, were Caßcn'd 6y na I the milder weather bv degrees taeâted it upon it, thai immediately coa^ -. down, viis manner avole the ice-palace, depicted | |
| Ad99998 06 032a/eng | Miscell. Subj. XC. Vol. VI. No. 30. COCHINCHINESE CUSTOMS AND DRESSES. oehinchina, discovered by tbe Portvguefe A prieft in a long yellowifh coloured rube, in tbe fi\tt ent lentnry, is counted lo be one performs his duty, in pronouncing prayers, of tbe molt ìeinarkableft countrys of eaftern Afia, which in re atd to the cuftomsand diref- Fig. 2. A Group of Cochinchinese. 1rs of its inhabitants, has much refeniblance The Cochinchinefe are harm eie fs good o the neighbouring China. natured people, which if in forno degree comparatif to the Chinefe are rather uniformer in The Cochinchinefe do worship the God there habitudes and drelTes. The women drels Budha or Fo, bceing idolaters. They generally in cotton frocks, were under thefe ride offer to tbe images of thefe protecting deitys drawers, and on holy days they fnpply leverai the BrfMings of their living flocks and of the frocks to the one they generally were. The fruits of the earth. Fig.. I. represents fuch men put on large jackets and trowiers, have an offering brought to Fo. Upon a Banyan there feet uncover'd, and fome tie handkertree (ficus indica) in a large cage of latticed cheefs around their head, in the fhape of a work, is sitted the gore-belly'd, blubcheeked turban; other have hat* or cap* of various wooden idol. Cochinchinefe peafants are ap- forms. The foldiers represented at the right pearmg, having put a ladder of bamboo to hand in the picture annexed are armed the-tree and are worfhipping rice to the idol, with fhields and fwords. | |
| Ad99998 06 033a/eng | Quadrupeds LXXV. Vol. VI. No. 31. SCARCE ANIMALS FROM NEW-HOLLAND. Fig. 1. The fasciated Kanguroo. (Kangurus fasciatus. PERON.) he Kanguroos, as we know, are a remarJ Kable fpeFig. 2. The Wombat. (Didelphis Wombat. SHAW.) The Wombat, which is of the same fize as a badger, belongs likewife to the didelphs, as we here fee, where the young ones ifsue out of the pouch of the mother. This animal, which in the exterior form bears much refemblance to a young bear, feeds upon grafs, fcrapes itfelf into the earth with the ftrong claws of the fore-feet, where it lives by day, and by night only it goes abroad in queft of its maintenance. This animal was alfo firft difcover'd in modern times, upon van Diemens-land, that great Island, bordering upon the Southern point of New-Holland. | |
| Ad99998 06 034a/eng | Miscell. Subj. XCI. Vol. VI. No. 32. VANDIEMENS - LAND. Among the islands of Auftralia or the fifth unproportionably thin. Their food chiefly part of the World, Neu Holland is the confifts of roots and feafhells; they go nakmoft confiderable, its greatnefs being al- ed, only fome of them wear fkins of the most equal to that of Europe. The most Kangoroo, the only quadruped ofthat counmeridional point, which according to recent try, around their fhoulders. But of their reobfervations, forms a particular island, was verence to their dead, the neweft french 1649 difcover'd by the Dutch Abel Tasman, traveller Perori found proofs on the finali and call'd Vandiemem-land to the honour neighbouring island of Maria (Fig.. 1.). Ketof the then Governor of Batavia. The inha- ween Cafuartrees there were little huts constants of this island (Fig.. 2.) are favages, ftrncted of barks, examining one of which and ftill on the loweft ftep of culture. We he found within under an elevation of turf, fee here feveral of them aftembled around aines and bones of men; from whence it a fire. They have a forbidding look, their appears, that thefe nations how rude ioecolour is darkbrown, the frame of the bo- ver and uncultivated yet burn their dead dy is indeed long, but compared to the and honour their memory by the conftruchead and the Ihoulders, the lower parts are tion of thefe huts of barks. | |
| Ad99998 06 035a/eng | Plants CVII. Vol. VI. No. 33. THE CEDAR OF LIBANON. The Cedar of Libanon (Pinus Cedro») be- an age of feveral hundred years. But fingle longs to the m oft beautiful trees, that areto Cedars are alfo now found in the gardens be feeu. Its large branches extend them- of England and France. The beautiful Cefelves like fans one over another, yielding dar of Libanon, here repreTented, is met coolnefs and fhade under their arch. The with in the garden of plants or Jardin des pointy leaves or needles fuck together in plantes at Paris, where it was planted in clufters. (a) The fruit or Cedar apple, drawn the year 1734. It forms a ftately tree, the (b) in its natural. greatnefs, and (c) in pro- ftock of which has the compafs of 8 Parifian ine, is perpendicularly fixt on the branche«, feet, and the arched branches form very pieThe wood is reddifh, odoriferous and fit for turesque groups. On that account the Cedar le lneft Joineries. — The Cedar is native merits to be planted as an ornament in the of th »Mount Libanon in Syria, it grows in Parks or gardens of pleafure. tne higher fnowy refiionSi where fc aUaifl | |
| Ad99998 06 036a/eng | Miscell. Subj. XCII. Vol. VI No. 34. SUBTERRANEAN CURIOSITIES IN EGYPT. Fig. 1. Catacombs in Alexandria. Tin the rock » b«t piaifter'd with mortac. The dead bodies repol'e in longifli excavaihe ancient Egyptians, «hole architectu- tions, which are carved in rows, re is known to be in many refpects lingular and remarkable, went To far, as to bu- Fig. 2. Subterranean chamber near the Pyramids of Ghizé. ild to their dead peculiar fnhtenar.ean ■. apartments, where they were preferv'd, and which they call'd Catacombs. Thefe Cata- The fubterranean graves hewn in the combs confifts of leverai chambers , hewn rock were often adorn'd with various hieroout in the rock , being contiguous to the glyphic Fig. ures , as we fee here reprefentgraves. Thofe of Alexandria we lind here ed. But in the Catacombs they not only reprefenied. The entry confifts of a narrow preferv'd the embalmed bodies or mummies hole, through which one gets with difficul- of men, but alfo thofe of hallow'd beafts, ty, and proceeds to feveral moulder'd rooms, efpecially of the Ibis , a bird , which in One round chamber with a vaulted roof is Egypt w-as preferably worfhiped. The boadorn'd by pillars , and a fiuuion is to be dies of thefe birds were embalm'd and prefeen at one paffage. All this work is hewn ferved in longifh velfels. | |
| Ad99998 06 037a/eng | Miscell. Subj. XCIII. Vol. Vl. No. 35. THE NILE-MEASURER UPON THE ISLAND OF RAUDAH NEAR CAHIRAH. It is known, that by the tropic rains the Nile, that great river of Egypt fo extraordinarily rifes in Autumm, that leaving its fhores, for fome time overflows the whole Nile-vale. This is a true benefit to this fandy country ; becaufe , «hilft the Nile fucceffively recedes into its fhores, it leaves behind upon the whole overflow'd furface a fat muddy earth, that is fufficient to fertilize the Nile-valley. That in the yearly inundation the water every-where may penetrate, the Egyptians have conducted canals through the land. In order to perceive exactly after the inundation the height of water at every time, fcales or Nile-meajurers have been raifed in feveral places. The principal of them is that, we give here a draught of, erected on the island of Raudah near Kahirah. Here one finds in a round turret a ciftern, the bottom of which has the fame height with that of the Nile. On the Gde is an opening, through which the Nile water freely may flow in. An octagonal column of marble is in the middle erected, on which the meafure is mark'd, to what height, according to the obfervations, the water after an inundation fucceffively rife9. A peculiar overfeer daily obTerves from the 1. of July, the rifing of the river, which by publie cryer* is notified to the town. | |
| Ad99998 06 038a/eng | Quadrupeds LXXVI. Vol. VI. No. 36. THE LION-APE. Amon" the curiofities of nature ,' which The lion ape inhabits the plains at the the celebrated traveller Sir Alexander Hum- eaftern declivity of the Cordilleras in Southbold has brought us from South-America, America, efpecially the fertile fhores of there is alfo a nice little monkey, attain- Putumayo and Caqueté. But there too it ing the length of but 7 or 8 inches, and belongs to the fcarce animals, and Sir on account of its extraordinary likenofs to Alexander Humbold during his fojourn in the king of animals juftly call'd lion-ape. that country law only two individuals. Its mane and ftretched body is quite refem- They were kept in a cage and were very bling to the lion in miniature, but the fa- lively and merry; yet being provok'd they ce and the feet inftantly betray the gentle angrily briftled their mane. Till now nolittle monkey. The colour of the face is ne of thefe nice beafts has been carried to half black and balf white, and that of the Europe, remaining body yellowifh and olive-brown. « | |
| Ad99998 06 039a/eng | Plants. CVIII. Vol. VI. 37 GERMAN GEATRA OR STELLATE MUSHROOMS. gilrman geastra or stellate mushrooms. J liefe elegant German wood-inhabitants have indeed the fkinned globular hollow feed b'ox, and in it the Coloured pnwdery liule grains of feed, which cleave to the fubtle filaments, in common with 'he much frequenter and more known puff balls in ibeir maturity ; but diluug.iiih ihemfehes by a more regular and commonly more elegant uperiing (mouth) for the releaXe of the ripe little grains of feed, and by an exterior thick cover, that fplits into rays, forming .1 hell,ite b.ifis. Thefe mufhrooml grow under the earth, rifing at laft out of it, when they are unlolding thenifelves. Fig. 1 et 2. The crowned geastrum or stellate mushroom. (Geastrum coronatum.) The ftarlike cover has always more than five rays, which indeed fpread wi.ie from one another, but do not bend backwards. Thi- inferior or exterior fur face ol il u darkbrnwn, and Jh,igreen-like granulated. The protuberance« are white. (Fig. 2.) The npinr or interior lurface is white, but foon becomes cbiiiky, the chinks appearing brown. I) 1 nil Ipi cies parti) grows in a loamy and clayifh, partly in «Candy ground. Fig. 3 et 4. The brown-red geastrum or stellate mushroom. (Geastrum rufescens.) The ftellate cover of this species ü brownied, fleck, and not only fpreads wide, but befides bends backwards, and raifes the glohulir leed box. Its upper furtace becomes likewife chinky (Fig. 4.) Thefe mufhroomi preferably grow in fir-and pine-groves. Fig. 5. The hygrometric geastrum or stellate mushroom. (Geastrum hygrometricum.) The colour of this mufhroom is rather yellow-brown. The ftellate cover beaming with many rays only difplays itself, without bending backwards, but has this remarkable property, that, as often as it dries up , it forcibly claps upwards together, and difplays itself agaio after a leeoni moiftening. From this différent appearance in a moift and dry eft ue, this species has got its fumarne. It likes preferably a fandy ground. | |
| Ad99998 06 040a/eng | Insects. L. Vol. VI. No. 38. GERMAN NOCTURNAL BUTTERFLIES. Fig. 1. The glossy white butterfly. (Phalaena bombyx salicis.) T1 he caterpillar and nymph of this white nocturnal butterfly (a) is many years fo frequently met with upon willows and poplars, that whole plantations are laid wafte by them. fae hiver-bright nocturnal butterfly (d) at A*t timo flies about in great Twarms. The caterpillar fpins itself between the leaves of ^IWs (c) and transforms itself into a brown nymph (b.) Fig. 2. The great ermine butterfly. (Phalaena bomhyx vinula.) Dame °n -count of lhe foft The upperwings are diûinguifh'd by grey and reddilh undulating lines. The green caterpillar (A) is of a lingular Fig. ure; it feems to be cover'd with fcales of a coat of mail, and the hind end terminates in a forky tail. The caterpillar fpins itself into fplinters of wood (C) and metamorpbofes itself into a brown nymph (B.) Fig. 3. The little pigeon. (Sphinx stellatarum.) The little pigeon is a known butterfly of twilight, fluttering in the gardens towards evening with great fwiftnefs from flower to flower. ïïc exhibit it here drawn, like the other butterflies, in its natural fize. The green-yellow caterpillar is found on feveral plants. | |
| Ad99998 06 041a/eng | Miscell. Subj. XCIV. Vol. VI. No. 39. THE COLUMN OF POMPEIUS. About half a league from the walls of the according to the neweft french meafuremeni, modern city of Alexandria in Egypt one amounts altogether to 88 Parifian feet, 6 inmeets with the remarkable column here re- ches. The height of the column itielf exceeds prefented, of reddifh granite, the highest lomething 63 feet, and the diameter of it hitherto known. Therefore the Arabians amounts to 8 feet, 4 inches. The CoiinthiTti calFd it the column of columns. Likely it chapiter is adorn'd with fleek foliage. To has been in more ancient times furrounded the upper plinth leverai travellers have climby other columns, with which it belonged to bed up, in order to meafure the column; a grand building of parade. and in the year 1733 eight Englifhmen emptied upon it for fport's fake a bowl of Punch. This magnificent column of granite con- Why the column carries the name of Pomfilts of three pieces, de chapiter, the column peius, we don't know, fince to his memory itself, and the pedefial, the height of which, it has not been erected. | |
| Ad99998 06 042a/eng | Miscell. Subj. XCV. Vol. VI. No. 40. THE CALMUCKS. Jlie Calmucks are a paEoTal people of the Mongolick race, inhabititig the middle and being Tiihject partly to the Ruffian, partly to the Chine.'e dominion. By their fiat Tentures they are disFig. ured, but are goodnatured, ducile and very bofpJM As a paftoral people they wander with iheir herds in the heaths of Afia from onepafinre to the other, wherefore both men and women from iheir youth live on horfes, their whole drefs being nrjufted to that end. Their hulnunun are funnel-like tents of felt, with W1&14 Vlhen thcy renjove> flJnip. ters are bfcargétf. ],;,. , we ^^ ifae camp of iuch a horde of CrtW flJnip. ters are bfcargétf. ],;,. , we ^^ ifae camp of iuch a horde of CrtW, v.h in the foreground the migration begins. On the left one perceives the lomb of one of their Lamas or priefts. The wealth of the Calmucks confifts of their herds of horfes, oxen, cows and fheep. Fig. 2. exhibits us an hufbandry of Calmucks. On both fides of the great tent of felt girls are bufied with milking the mares and cows. In the middle we fee a Calmuck woman dreffing a /kin; near her /lands a lad with the horfe, holding a long 1'taff with thenoofe, by means of which the wild horfes are caught. In the fore-ground feveral Calmucks play at chefs, the favorite play of this people. ere | |
| Ad99998 06 043a/eng | Birds LXXVII. Vol. VI. No. 41. THE CASUAR OF NEW-HOLLAND. The Casuar of New- Holland was but lately the forepart of the neck a great whitifh roll, difcover'd on that great Archipel of the South- Tho' it cannot fly, yet it runs with extraorfea, and the neweft French voyage of difco- dinary quicknefs, and on account of its wildvery gives us the following excellent picture nefs is difficult to be tam'd. Its flefh being of it. This Cafuar confiderably differs from favoury, it is hunted; the eggs too are enthe Afiatick, which we became acquainted joyd. The young ones in the firft month of with Vol. I. No. 3. of our Gallery. The Ca- their age are brown, with white ftreaks, as Juar of New- Holland (Cafuarius novae Hoi- we fee them here depicted before their molandiae) has a length of 7 feet, being coverd ther (Fig. 2.) The next month they become all-over with grey-brown long briftly fea- quite grey. The Cafuar of New-Holland as theirs, which in the male (Fig. 1.) form in well as the Afiatick feeds upon vegetables. | |
| Ad99998 06 044a/eng | Plants CIX. Vol. VI.No. 42. THE RAMUSTAN-TREE. The Pi.anibuftan or hairy fruit (Nephelium broken up, one-finds (a) five kernels near one echinatum) grows in Java, Sumatra and in anotlier vertically converging in a center, the Molucky Islands on a highgrown tree, furroundecl with a fweetifh pappy Cr.bftance, much refembling to our chefnut-tree. From and inclore.d in.a whitilo fki'n. The Rarnbw the bloffoiTiS, which only appear like green little flan fruit ripens at the fame time with the buds, the fruit unfolds itself, being of the big- Mangufuna, that we have feen depicted nefs of a walnutand allovei cover'd with hairs. (Tab. 24.); it is for its cooling quality a beThis exterior covering is at firic green, after- loved meat in the Indies, wards it becomes deep orange-tawny. Being | |
| Ad99998 06 045a/eng | Amphibia. XXIV. Vol. VI. No. 43. THE PROPOSCIS-SEAL. The Seals are known to be a species of suck- ver'd an uncommonly great species , the Proina animals, that commonly live in the fea, bofcis - Seal (Phoca probofcidea) that attaint difadvamageoutly diftinguifhing therr.Ielves to a length of 35 till 30 feet, which we fee by their ugly, deformed body. They are here leverai imaged of. The upperpart of ready fwimmers, yet they often emerge on the fnout of this miffhapen beaft protracts itthe fea-fhore; their food confifts of nfb.es, felf into a fort of probofcis, that has given maritime animals and fea - weeds. At the the name to this kind of feals. At a diftance coafts of New-Holland, efpecially near Kings- we perceive fome of them in an upright poIsland, the neweft French travellers disco- sture, just when they aie chased. | |
| Ad99998 06 046a/eng | Insects LI. Vol. VI. No. 44. BEAUTIFUL GERMAN NIGHT-BUTTERFLIES. Fig. 1. The Matron. (Phalaena bombyx matronula.) This beautiful phalaena arises from a roughhaired caterpillar, which is met with on several plants. The butterfly has umberbrown «pperwings with yellow spots. The yellow underwings are blackstain'd. The big body «rcadet red with black crofs-bands. Fig. 2. The vary-coloured Phalaena. (Phalaena bombyx versicolor.) It belong in r>" »oths diftiagui;hi Gennan>- to the «««• wi,gS agreeably r.^f. b/ the "^1" low and brown hues VU ^*' ** " »oths diftiagui;hi Gennan>- to the «««• wi,gS agreeably r.^f. b/ the "^1" low and brown hues VU ^*' ** - to the «««• wi,gS agreeably r.^f. b/ the "^1" low and brown hues VU ^*' ** Fig. 3. The drone-wanderer. (Sphinx fuciformis.) ■"« Sphin, (b. e,) refembleS) atthe firfi Fig. ht, our common drone, whence it has got its name. It proceeds from a great green caterpillar, and flies at broad daylight humming, about many flowers. Fig. 4. The Diana. A beautiful phalaena, which is likewife pretty rare, and whose upperwings, are green, white and black-marbled. Fig. 5. The Widow. (Phalaena bombyx Hebe.) The white upperwings are adorn'd by black crofs-bands with an orange- tawny border. The fcarlet underwings give to this Phalaena a gorgeous appearance. | |
| Ad99998 06 047a/eng | Miscell. Subj. XCVI. VoI. VI. No. 45 THE FLYING MACHINE OF MR. DEGEN. A here is no doubt, that the man, whose ingenuity did so many things contrive, has often conceiv'd the thought of imitating the flight of birds by artificial wings, in order to soar with easinefs into the immense spaces of the air. Now a skilful watch maker at Vienna, Mr. James Dcgen has latelymade lucky attempts to rise up to the air by means of artificial wings. This artificer with his flying machine we see here (Fig.. I.) imaged. Mr. Drgcn namely construed to himself two wings in the form of a heart (of which Fig.. 2. gives the sight from above) of fine paper imbih'd with varnish, that have a surface of [16 square- feet ; and a length of 10 feet. For elasticity's sake the artificer ran ihrough the whole with itreaki of reed, combin'd by silken strings. The body of the fl\ing man standi tiprigh-, as we see, between the wings, being by several bamboos (aa) united with the machine. The hands (bh) are moving the crooked pole, by which the clap of the wings in horizontal direction up and down is brought about. The first attempt was made by Mr. Dcgen in the spring 1808. in lhe ridinghouse at Vienna, where he by means of a counter-balance, fasten'd by a string (d) rose to a height ol 54 feet. In order to repeat his experiments in the free air, Mr. Degen combin'd a small air-balloon with his machine, and thus on the 12'1' and 15th of Nuvhr. he took his flight in the Prater near Vienna repeatedly in different directions in the air 10 the surprise ol all the Ctatort, and came tnhuit back again. These experiments yielded to the artificer j.it of IO,(XiO imperial florins. | |
| Ad99998 06 048a/eng | Miscell. Subj. XCVII. Vol. VI. No. 46. REMARKABLE MOUNTAINS. The Pic of Teneriffa. Among the Canary Islands, situate westward from North-Africa in the Atlantic Ocean, that of Teneriffa distinguishes itself by its lofty, pointed mountain or Pico de Teyde. It is elevated 12,420 feet above the surface of the Sea; we behold it here represented from the Sea-side or the bay of Santa Cruz. The city of Santa Cruz lies before us on the Sea-shore. The Pic is situated towards the Southpart of the Island. Its summit ist naked, where a great volcanic Crater appears, surrounded with more than 70 little ones on the different lava-beds. The lava covers the top of the Pic; the nether regions are cover'd with pumice. This Vulcano upon Teneriffa is not yet extinguish’d, but sulphureous steams are almost perpetually amending from it. The last great eruption of uncommon violence happen'd in the year 1707. Since almost all ships, bound for the East-Indies, are landing at Teneriffa; this Pic, just now described by us, is universally known, having been mounted by many European travellers. | |
| Ad99998 06 049a/eng | Miscell Subjects. XCVIII. Vol. VI. No. 47. OPERA OF COCHINCHINA. The inhabitants of Cochinthina on the east- This they did to the honour of the first accoaft of Asia are very fond of fpectacles, mu- treft, who on the left was there leated at fick and dance. Their companies of players, fpectatrefs in the dref« of an old queen. The that ate fent for in the houfes, give hiftori- three girls held an eafy dialogue, which wai cal reprefentations, operas and dances, which interrupted by merry airs. Their fong wat tre accompanied by a noisy mufick of trum- fbrieking, yet they pretty well kept time, pets, kettle-drums, and caftanett. The whole wat accompanied by mufick and The Englifsh Embaffador, Lord Macart- dance; thus opera and ballet were join'd tone/, when he on his embally in the year pether. An old man, drefi'd like a buffoon, 1792 alfo was in Cochinchina, faw the folio- «pproach'd now and then to the girls, perforwing reprefentation. In the interior part of ming feveral buffooneries. In this manner it an edifice a folemn opera with chorus's was continued a confidprable time. During this given by a company of players. During the interlude fofter mufick was heard, at laft the firft theatrical reprefentation, the noify juft noify inftruments founded again. As a Fig. n now mention'd inftruments, made a hideout of applaufe the numerous affembly of (pectanoife. Upon this follow'd an interlude, very tors threw from time to time copper-money agreeably reprefented by three young girls, to the players. | |
| Ad99998 06 050a/eng | Miscell. Subjects. XCIX. Vol. VI. No. 48. THE TRIUMPHAL ARCH OF THE EMPEROR CONSTANTIN AT ROME. In Otdet to immortalize the ac,;ms of Heroes, the ancient Remans conftructeil to the honour of the victora trimr arches of uncommon magnificence, aiicru'd with ike fiuefi Lculptnxtt. In the modern Rome there are hill extant feveral of Rich triumph«! arches. One of the most intire is here represented, which hands in the firft quarter of Rome between the Monte Celio and Monte Palatino. It was erected to the honour of the Emperor Conßantin the great, when he in the year 31J C. n. had vanquirird Maxentius. Tins iriun Arch of marble his a large patfage, and two lif.le ones, and is adorn'd with 20 great baffo - relievo's of fculpture. On each oi the long fides ftand upon 4 corinthian columns, ftatues of yellow marble (giallo antico), reprefenting Dacians. Thefe as well as the most carvings of this triumphal arch were taken from earlier monuments of the Emperor Trajan, and have a relation e victory of him over the Dacians. Orer the middle arch hands a latin infeription, by which this triumphal arch is con. lecrated to the Emperor Conftantine. Sia« ce the inferior part by little and little was crumbled down, tha prefent Pope Piut VII. order'.I in the year 1805, to dig out the whole bafii and to fcreen it for the future by an incompufiing. j) In the background one perceive« a part of the ColiJeum. 3) | |
| Ad99998 06 051a/eng | Miscell. Subj. C. Vol. VI. No. 49. THE COLOSSUS IN THE GARDEN OF THE PALACE PRATOLINO NEAR FLORENCE. Si«c Itnlbn miles from Florence on the declivity of ihe mountain Settario lies the remarkajbht palace of Pratolino with its a table garden. It belong'd to thè Grind-duke? oi Tofcanâ, but now it i» almtf; ir.thely decayed. The Pratolino was confuucted 1569 under Francis, a fon of Cosinus de' Medicit by the Ikilful architect Bi/mitu'cnti. Nature and art united themselves, to form out of it an lite banting refideaca. Atnongß other one conici to a place, round incloled with thick treei. Ueie rifes over a bafia full of cle*r and limpid water the colofTal ftatue of the God Apennin, which being raifed would be about 100 feet h With one hand the god repofes on the rock, with the other he feems to prefs the head of a fea-monfter, from whose ja>vs a jet of water is gufhing out. The whole ftatue is conlirucled of Itone and brick, and over-la\'d with mortar. Inwardly it is hollow, and one finis in the head a pretty little :.ber, where the windows open themfalves in the eye-balls. | |
| Ad99998 06 052a/eng | Misc. Subj. CI. Vol. VI. No. 50. DWELLINGS OF THE BOOSHUANA'S. The Booshuana's, who inhabit the Interior Here lives the proper family. This inner of Soutb.-rn Africa, are of the fame race of apartment is enclofed by a gallery [upported people as the Hottentots, who, however, on trunks of the Mimol'a, whore the fervents differ fromibeminmanyrefpects. The Dutch, and flaves take their nightly reft. The poinbut ten ye.irs fince, gave us more exact ted tent- ihaped roof is thatched with reeds, accounts of ihem from the Cape of Good overshadowing likewise the outer gallery, Hope. They are a half civilized people that which gives to the whole a very beautiful applies himfeif to cattle-breeding, hunting appearance. The corn is contained in coand agriculture. Their villages confift of nical granaries, from fix to nine feet high, dwelling-houfes as we fee reprelented in the whereof we fee one reprefented in the anannexed view. Thefe cottages are built in the nexed engraving. The agriculture is perfollowing manner. The inner apartment is formed by the women, and the men emfurroundid with a wall of clay interwoven ploy their time in hunting and caule-breewith branches wherein there is a narrow door. ding. — | |
| Ad99998 06 053a/eng | Miscell. Subj. CII. Vol. VI. Nr. 51. REMARKABLE CAVES. The Schulerloch in Bavaria. cave is aloft in the rocky mountain, and at the beginning very painful. But the unwealn the large caves of chalk-mountains the ried traveller is sufficiently rewarded by the water impregnated with dissolved chalk-par- magnificent rocky hall, that we see here tides forms, as we know, the stalactites, imaged. As to a Gothic dome the pointed which lines the interior walls of lhosecc.es arches vault themselves, partly reposing under various Fig. ures, and makes them curious as upon columns on the stalactite-tenon«, objects of nature. Such a remarkable cave, which reach to the ground, forming in this call'd thfl. Sek derloch, we see here repre- manner several passages, where the eye of sented. It is m t wiih in the chalk-mountain the beholder, deceiv'd by the light of the near the river AlfMÜkl i" BV.-aria, below flambeaux, presumes to perceive altar« and the village Alt-Es.ung. The entrance to this other decorations ol a church. | |
| Ad99998 06 054a/eng | Miscell. Subj. Vol. VI. No. 52. THE TRIUMPHAL ARCH OF THE EMPEROR SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS. The adjoined table exhibits again one of those remarkable monuments, which gratitude, but not seldom also flattery of the ancient Ro7)ians, erected to their victorious Heroes, namely a triumphal Arch, dedicated to the Emperor Sepiimius Severus on account of his victories over the Parthians, Arabians and. other nations. It is pretty well preserv'd, and still to be seen at Rome behind the Capitolium, clean'd from the rubbish and surrounded with a rampart. (1) Fig.. I, represents the principal side with its four beautiful columns and three vaulted passages, which in the midst are join'd together by two bows. Over the principal bow appear two beautiful Fig. ures of the goddefs of Fame. Over the smaller side-bows are the actions of the triumphant Emperor represented, in bas-relief. In the Attica one reads both upon the fore-and backside the dedicatory inscription, in which the successor too of the said Emperor is mention'd. The ingraved letters were formerly inlay'd with gilt bronze, which afterwards has been purloin'd. The whole terminates with a Platform; one gets up to in the inside upon a 'pair of stairs, and where at that time the triumphal cart of the victor with soldiers at his side stood ingraved in stone. Fig.. II. exhibits one of the by-Sides of this triumphal arch, both of which, except the columns and the cornice, are void of all other ornaments. The whole stately building is constructed with white marble. | |
| Ad99998 06 055a/eng | Insects LII. Vol. VI. No. 53. GERMAN NOCTURNAL BUTTERFLIES. Fig. 1. The Wood-pecker. (Phalaena Bombyx Dominula.) Fig. 2. The purple-bear. (Phalaena Bombyx purpurea.) Fig. 3. The lime-tree Spinner. (Phalaena Bombyx Bucephala.) The checkered grown up caterpillar (B) g->. of this nocturnal butterfly common in Germai* n account of the dark - green ground-co- ny) feeds indeed upon the leaves of different lour of the fore-wings, and the white and tree», hut preferably likes those of the limeorangetawny spots of different Fig. ure on them \xee. It is but little hairy, in the earliest elegantly contrasting, likewise on account youth quite black, and but by deajees, alter of the deep- vermilion hind-wings, being having cast off several times its nein, becoadorn'd with black fillets and points of a mes more and more yellow. The winged Inbluish cast, this- nocturnal butterfly justly $ect (A) wears also the name of ox - head ani wears the name of wood pecker. Though the grafs-head from its big head half concealed hlack yellow - sutak'd hairy caterpillar (25) under the longhairy neck-hand; and from feeds upon the leaves of 'lifferent trees, yet tne large yellowish stains on the tips of the it preferably likes those of the hound's ton- fore-wings the name of the half-moon. The g'ie (cMiop'os.-um vulgare); wherefore the caterpillar changes into a chrysalis under the nocturnal butterfly is call'd too the hound's earth, where it only constructs a cave, withspinner. Several redbro.vn bright out lining it with a web. . of this nocturnal butterfly common in Germai* n account of the dark - green ground-co- ny) feeds indeed upon the leaves of different lour of the fore-wings, and the white and tree», hut preferably likes those of the limeorangetawny spots of different Fig. ure on them \xee. It is but little hairy, in the earliest elegantly contrasting, likewise on account youth quite black, and but by deajees, alter of the deep- vermilion hind-wings, being having cast off several times its nein, becoadorn'd with black fillets and points of a mes more and more yellow. The winged Inbluish cast, this- nocturnal butterfly justly $ect (A) wears also the name of ox - head ani wears the name of wood pecker. Though the grafs-head from its big head half concealed hlack yellow - sutak'd hairy caterpillar (25) under the longhairy neck-hand; and from feeds upon the leaves of 'lifferent trees, yet tne large yellowish stains on the tips of the it preferably likes those of the hound's ton- fore-wings the name of the half-moon. The g'ie (cMiop'os.-um vulgare); wherefore the caterpillar changes into a chrysalis under the nocturnal butterfly is call'd too the hound's earth, where it only constructs a cave, withspinner. Several redbro.vn bright out lining it with a web. Fig. 4. The Geometer of the alder. (Phalaena Geometra alniaria.) tongue chrysalides (C; lie commonly imulv'd together within a white thin web, which several caterpillars, before they change into a chrysalis, in community spin. The caterpillars (b) of the family, ta which this Geometer belongs, intirely have the Fig. ure of dry little branches, especially when the caterpillar quietly sits erect on its hindpart. Being furnish'd only in the forepart This nocturnal butterfly much esteem'd and behind with a few pairs of feet, but with hy the lovers of butterflies, which is not to none in the midst of the body, it does not he found in every country, (a) has got the creep with all the parts of the body moving name of purple-bear from its bimiingred forwards, but in a bending manner, forming hinclwings, adorn'd with large, black spots bows, from whence the name of Geometer, of a blui'h cast highly contrasting. The mild- (Geometra). It preferably likes to eat the ly yellow fore-wings wear various little brow- leaves of the alder, without despising those nish stains, among which one resembles the of other trees. The butterfly (a) pleases more Fig. ure of a, latin S, wherefore the insect has on account of the wings elegantly cut out bealso got the name of yellow S bear. The ca- hind, than of the simple colour. The chanterpillar (b) belongs on account of its hair- ging of the caterpillar into a chrysalis protufts often fox-coloured to the bear-caterpil- ceeds on the trees, where it between leaves lars, and therefore the butterflies arising from spins a case from long threads, within which it are cali'd bears. The darkbrown chrysalis it casts off its last skin of caterpillar, appea(c) is naturally swrrounded by a delicate web. ring as a greenish- white chrysalis (c) | |
| Ad99998 06 056a/eng | Miscell. Subj. CIV. Vol. V. No. 54. REMARKABLE MOUNTAINS. Nr. 1. The Great-Glöckner. enchanting prospect over the Alps of Carinthiaanrf Styria,1 and at a further distance one The Great-Glöckner, we view here. repre- surveys Tyrol with the rivers Inn and Drau, sented, which is denominated from its bell- ^r- Schuhes, Professor at Inspruck, has like Fig. ure, rises 12,000 feet over the surface given us an excellent description of the travel of the sea, heing the loftiest of the moun- t0 the Glockner. tains of Salzburg, where it borders upon Carinthia and Tyrol. Its highest top was hut j Fig. 2. The Snow-mountain. in modern times ascended; this undertook for the benefit of natural, philosophy the The Snow mountain, the summit of which bishop ofGuik, aprinceof Salm-Reifer scheid, and North-Side through the whole year is with several distinguished scholars. For the cover'd with snow, as its name denotes, is conveniency of later travellers the worthy situated 9 leagues from Vienna in Netherhishop order'd several houses to be built for Austria near the frontier of Styria. Tho' a shelter. The first and largest, that we see notsohigh, astheformer, however its height here copied, is call'd Salm's hoehe. From amounts to 6600 feet above the surface of the hence one cannot proceed but on foot over sea; thus it is f higher, than the famous rocky gulfs and Snow - fields, which often is Snow-top in Silesia. The way thither leads very dangerous. ' Up to the summit of the through varied interesting situations, and Glöckner, divided again into two points, one the summit may be ascended without danger. leckuns 6 leagues. On the highest top, which From hence one surveys a delightful landscaholds no more than 6 — 8 persons, there is pe as far as Vienna. In serene weather there at present an ironcrofs 12 feet high erected, appears the harbour of Triest, even at a far Heie;one enjoys in clear weather the most distance, as a fine Silver-ribband. | |
| Ad99998 06 057a/eng | Plants. CX. Vol. VI. No. 55. SOUTH-AMERICAN CEREI. 1 he Cerei, being met with in European hot-houses, originally come from the warmer countries of South - America and from the Islands situated between the tropics next to America. They are all together juicy pulpous plants, drawing their moisture and nourishment more from the air, than from the soil, and thriving therefore in the hottest climates upon the driest sand or stony ground. These plants commonly have no peculiar leaves, hut only consist of stocks and branches, which in the different species are of a different, but always thoroughly uniform Fig. ure, partly composed of mere leaf-like members, now of such as are cylindrical, now more or Ids angular longish ones, beset with tufts of pricks. Such, an uniformity of stocks and branches serves the more to set of the beautiful structure and colour of the flowers, which commonly but after sun - setting only once open, and a few hours past again are for ever closed. The fruits of this plant resemble to the Fig. s, are eatable and of an agreeable sourish flavour. On the present table appears represented The common Melon thistle. (Cactus Melocactus) The members of the stock are of the bignè fs of a human head, and of a melon - like Fig. ure, furrovv'd all-around from above till below, so that many — commonly 14 high ribs or edges appear, armed on their back with tufts of pricks. When the plant is preparing to produce flowers or fruits, it pushes forth at the upper part a cylindrical high and big shaft hairy and prickly; and out of this issue allaround, but most frequently at the top many flowers, at first rose-coloured, at last reddening like" a cochineal. Each of these flowers is round-about seated upon a fruit- knot, that afterwards unfolds itself to a Fig. like deep cochinealred pulpous fruit, upon which the withered flower sitting preserves itself. | |
| Ad99998 06 058a/eng | Miscell. Subj. CV. Vol. VI. No. 56. THE BEETSHUANS. he South - African nation of the Caffers, half savages, who not seldom are engaged in calFd the Beetshuans, (also Bushwens) bloody quarrels with their neighbours, whose habitations and manner of living we The young woman, here sitting, with became already acquainted with (by the whom the young man holds a conversation, number CX. of this vol.) are on the present has decently cover'd her belly with aprons table represented still more characteristical- of leather, forming a sort of little pettily according to the colour of their body and coat. Several women wear too short cloaks, their Fig. ure. We perceive upon it a young The woman here pictured smokes tobacco, man and a young woman. The man has the smoke of which she at her ease sips out adorn'd his head with feathers, wears trian- of a hollow pot filPd with water, in which guhtr pendants, and his nakednefs is cover'd a wooden tobacco-pipe-tube is with the head with a long cloak of skins of beasts, and above join'd. Near her lies her felling-ax, with a liule apron; on his arm hangs a the felling of wood being here a principal sort of liule basket or rather little bag, and occupation of women. Besides do we perin his hands he holds Hâssagajens or jave- ceive some kitchen-furniture, standing upon lins, the usual weapons of these warlike the earth. | |
| Ad99998 06 059a/eng | Miscell. Subj. CVI. Vol. VI. No. 57. THE COLOSSEUM OR THE AMPHITHEATRE OF THE EMPEROR FLAVIUS -VESPASIANUS. To the most remarkable and magnificent the hest preserv'd sides, four storiei high, remains of ancient Roman Architecture be- each adorn'd with a colonnade. lonr0ç t o o t h e A m p h i t h e a t r e s p a ilt l y sJt il l e x - T, . I t i s, , a s t h, e p l a n". F iTgTli, s h, o w s, a n O~ v a, l. tant. Among those, that at prre s e n t a r e t o T I.un t h e m-i i d s t« o■f• i t •i s t hue o p e n fri g1h t•i n g - p 1lace, be seen at Rome more or lefs mutilated,', tvh e A. r e n a (,a x), w hue r e m e n m u s tI fri-g uh.t w -i.tuh the most beautiful and largest is that, of men or whh wUd beang for the aniusemerit which the table here adjoined exhibit, a and diversion of the many thousand gpec. representation. It was constructed by the tators> who found piace all - around in the Roman Emperor Flavius Vespasianus two massive building. Round about this Fig. htyears after the subversion of Jerusalem, and ingplace beiow runs a Gallery with steps has been preserv'd for the greatest part till ^ under which are tlle caveS(where the our times. For what now is deficient in it, wild beasU vvere kept> Four principal enhas not been mutilated and robb'd by time, u.;es (e) led int0 the building and to the but by men. Fig. hting-place; through four other ones (c) It is a prodigious building, of which one came to the upper stories and through we view under Fig.. I, on our Table one of as many to the inferior ones. | |
| Ad99998 06 060a/eng | Plants CXI. Vol. VI. No. 58. THE. GREAT NIGHT-FLOWERING CEREUS. (Cactus grandiflorus.) The wide-around creeping members of the itself at last a superb flower, that at the «nd stock and branches of ibis plant remarkable ofJilny or at the beginning of July after sunon account of its noble flower reach a length setting but once fully opens aud before sunof three till six feet with a bignefs of two rising is again shut and withering. Our reinches at the most. They are cylindrical, presentation shows the Fig. ure and colour of yet become at each end somewhat thinner, this noble flower, exhaling sweet aromatick and commonly show six prominent ribs, ar- frag ran cy ; but in nature it sometimes promed with yellowish tufts of pricks. The in- ves to be still greater in vigorous plants, terior mafs is pulpous and juicy. From many The fruit-knot ripens within a year to a conof these tufts of pricks ifsue yearly in the siderable pear like juicy fruit of an agreeaspring on the sides of the branches single ble sourish flavour; it is all around beset with fruit-knots beset with scales and bushes of scaly little red bunches shifting into an oranhair. These improve at the upper part into ge-tawny colour. This plant is met with in a calix about six inches long outwards like- great hot-houses; but it is native in Southwise scaly and hair'd; and out of this forms America, Jamaica and St. Domingo. | |
| Ad99998 06 061a/eng | Miscell. Subj. CVII. Vol. VI. No. 59. REMARKABLENESS OF THE HINDOOS. T-Mie Hindoos, inhabitants of the middle large window, illuminatedby Lamps on festival Asia are a most remarkable people by their days in the night. Before the Pagod one manners and customs, by the high antiquity beholds a great lake for bathing, since the of their religion, which has given rise to all Hindoos bathe themselves each day, looking the. other religious opinions of the different upon this as a religious action. On the other countries. The supreme being they represent side of the lake, we nerceive an open buildtormlefs and symbolically only by a globe, ing supported by columns, call'd Shultri, supposing it to bave created three superior being a harbour or a shelter for strangers', Mods, Brama, Wishnu and Sliiven. JVishnw where they may pafs the night without paying is the preserver, Shiven the destroyer of what ftfr it. Such Shultris are frequently met is preservai, and to them the Hindoos-build with in the East Indies.— The most con vetemples or Pagods, as we see imaged in this nient way of travelling in this country is in 0. No. 19 and on the present table, a Palanquin or a litter, which being overOver the principal doors of this Pagod rises spread with a cloth is carried by four hired a spire of several stories. Each story has a Hindoos. it Miscell. CVII. Tom. VI. No. 59. COSE RIMARCHEVOLI DEGLI HINDUI. vJli Hindui, abitanti dell' Asia interiore, quali ciascuno è adorno d'una gran finestra sono assai famosi pe' loro costumi e per l'an- illuminata di notte con delle lampade in giorni -tichità de'la di loro religióne, secondo la di festa. Avanti al pagode vedesi un gran quale tutti gli altri pareri e sentenze de' dif- vivajo da bagno, gli Hindui bagnandosi ferenti paesi, in materia di religione, a poco tutti i giorni e credendolo un' azione relia poco si conformarono. Il simbolo dell' giosa. Al di là della riva ci si rappresenta Essere supremo, che rappresentano senza un' abitazione aperta sostenuta da colonne, Fig. ura, consiste in un globo. Da esso trassero che chiamasi Schultri, la quale serve di ricol'oxiginei tre Dei superiori: Brama, Vischnu vero a' peregrini, dove si può pernottare e Schiven. — Vischnu é il conservatore, libero d'ogni spesa. Cosi fatti Schultri si Schiven il distruttore del conservato, a'quali ritrovano spesse volte all' Indie orientali.— gli Hindui erigono de' tempj o d' pagodi, Il modo il più commodo di viaggiare in questo donde il ritratto verlesi in No. 19 del tomo paese si fa col mezzo del palanchino o della sesto e nella tavola qui aggiunta. Al dissopra seggetta, la quale, ricoperta d'un panno, della porta maestra s'innalza una torre in viene portata da quattro Hindui mercenarj. forma di piramide di più compartimenti, | |
| Ad99998 06 062a/eng | Miscell. Subj. CVIII. Vol. VI. No. 60. SPORTS OF THE RUSSIAN PEOPLE. The plate hereto belonging exhibits two dif- which they drink with or without milk, and ferent sorts of the most beloved advertisements Prussian ginger- bread, ef the Russian people, viz: Fig. 1. The mountains of ice, Fig. 2. Russian Swings, which are wooden scaffolds, about 13 yards of two different sorts. The one (i) is like a high (i), one side of which has a wooden slo- carousal or running at the ring, except, that penefs, that is cover'd with pieces of ice, and instead of being horizontal, it is perpendiiprinkled with water, on which the lovers, cular. The lovers of the swing are seated being always numerous, or seated on little in chairs, fasten'd on an axle-tree, which sledges, or standing on skates, with such vio- are driven about by means of a wheel or lence slide down, that they continue gliding only with the hands. The other (2) is a on the icy way prepar'd below. Such artifi- swing for 8 sitting persons, that are put in cial mountains of ice are every year in the motion byr 2 standing ones. Such swings are carnival's week constructed at St. Petersbourg raised in the Easterwetk on publick places, upon or near the Newa, [we view here over Those, which we here view, stand upon the against the Atademy of sciences (3) with an place before the stony theatre at Si. Peters* other Palace (4)] and much frequented, whe- bourg, where also brandy tents (3) are pitre spectators are never wanting. Here are ched, and soldiers of the police posted, to people too, who sell refreshments, as a sort prevent disorders or to appease them by meof mead, composed of sugar and pepper, ans of the fire-engine, which here appeart. | |
| Ad99998 06 063a/eng | Amphibious animals. XXV. Vol. VI.No. 61. THE CROCODILE OF ST. DOMINGO. Among the animals discover'«! in modern diles, viz. the Caiman and the Crocodile of St. times is also to be reckon'd the Crocodile of Domingo. The last entirely differs from the St. Domingo, of which we first were nearer Caiman, with regard to the bignefs and by jnform'd by the french General Ledere, who other qualities, more resembling to the great sent a couple of them to France for the natu- Nile-Crocodile, so that at first it was thought ralists there. Hitherto they imagin'd, that to be one and the same species with this. America possess'd but one species of Cfoco- Yet more accurate researches have sufficientdile, the Caiman, which we see the draught ly evinced the difference, of in the IV. Vol. No. 14. of our gallery. However that, which was discover'd at St. Do- Fig.. II. represents the siculi of a Nilemingo, and here is represented, exhibits a Crocodile, with gaping jaws, where the lar5econd, new and quite different species, so ge murderous teeth of this terrible animal that we at present know two American Croco- are more distinctly to be seen. | |
| Ad99998 06 064a/eng | Plants. CXII. Vol. VI. No. 62. CACTUS MAMILLARIS. We already know several beautiful species This Cactus flourishes in the summer, of the Cactus, which are native in South- and bears the next spring ripe grains of seed. America. The present table represents us Its native country are the Islands of Souththe Cactus mamillaris, a very fine plant, America, where it grows in the crevices of depicted in its natural greatnefs. \\ shows rocks. Yet long ago it is also found in the on its surface a great many longish semi- botanic gardens of Europe, but where it must globes with yellowish blossoms. The red be kept through the whole year in the hotfruit form'd like a pear has within a yellowish house. It is encreased or by grains of. seed flesh. It is of an agreeable sweetish savour, or by the upper part, that is cut off, of the and is eaten by the Indians. plant. | |
| Ad99998 06 065a/eng | Miscell. Subj. CIX. Vol. VI. No. 63. A FRAGMENT OF A DUG OUT ELEPHANT'S TOOTH. A few years ago a scientifical landlord in France, whose name is Lavalette, discover'd at the clearing of a fountain in his garden, but 5 feet deep, under the surface of the earth, an upper end of two feet, of an Elephant's tooth, all-over surrounded with tophus. A part of it we view here represented, the ivory was, besides the exterior crust, still perfectly useful. It is one of the most remarkable things of the earlier history of our globe, that not only in Germany, but almost in all parts of Europe and Asia, as far as Siberia, skeletons and teeth of Elephants, which already peopled our earth, before men existed, at a small depth under the surface of the earth, are dug out. It is now by the knowledge of comparative Anatomy evinced, that these dug out skeletons belong neither to the African nor Asiatic Elephant,, the two only yet living kinds of this animal. But these remains of bones come from the Elephant of the primitive world, of which till now no living tracé has been found. The more ample explanation of this interesting matter will be found in the commentary upon this Number. | |
| Ad99998 06 066a/eng | Miscell. Subj. CX. Vol. VI. No. 64. THE GROTTO ANTI-PAROS. This remarkable cave is found on. AntiParos, a small and insignificant Island in the Greek Archipelago.. In ancient times this grotto was unknown, and in the later ones it was first visited in the year 1673 by Mr. de Nointel, french Ambassador at Constantinople, who with a considerable retinue pafs'd the Christmafsdays in that grotto. Fig. 1. The entry to the cave. The superior entry to the cave forms a vault of rock, where at the left side an opening leads down, to which the visiters arrive, by letting down themselves by means of a rope, they wind around the natural pillar of rock.. Lighted torches are highly necessary to dispel the obscurity. Fig. 2. The interior view of the cave. The visiters, when they are got down from above the first precipice, come to several slopes, which on account of the deep caverns that lie on the right, partly are not without danger. More frequently the travellers by means of ropes must be let down considerable rocky walls; yet the danger being past, the courageous is rewarded by a sight so much the more brilliant. For at last one comes to the hall of rock represented Fig.. II. where one clearly perceives, that the whole grotto was form'd by stalactites. The most splendid stalactites - points hang down from the vault of the cave, and rise from the ground. A large mafs of stalactites forms in the middle an elevation. Here it was, where Mr. de Nointel on Christmafsday 1673 order'd to say mafs, wherefore this spot since that time is call'd the altar. | |
| Ad99998 06 067a/eng | Miscell. Subj. CXI. Vol. VI. No. 65. MICROSCOPIC REPRESENTATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE THISTLE-PITH. How great and admirable does not appear the pith by drying up withdraws itself still the wisdom of the Creator in the meanest plant more and more. The cellular pith is suritself, when we behold it magnifie'd by rounded, as with a ring, with the proper means of the microscope. The simple crofs stalk of plant, which shows, when cutted cut (A.) through a common welted thistle through, many round larger and lesser ope(Carduus acanthoides) shows magnifie'd (B.) nings for the circulation of the sap, Exter« the most artificial composition of its shape, nally we see the magnifie'd hairs of the exteThe interior pith consists of a texture of nice rior stalk of the thistle, like tassels hanging hexagonal cells, through which the sap of down, which likewise attract from without nourishment rises and distributes itself. In the moisture, and thus help to nourish the the midst a great opening pervades the whole plant, stalk, which increases with the age, when | |
| Ad99998 06 068a/eng | Miscell. Subj. CXII. Vol. VI. No. 66 THE COLUMN OF TRAJAN AT ROME. Jo the most beautiful remains of ancient Ro- over a part of Rome. The outside of the man architecture belongs the glorious manu- column is adorn'd with the most exquisite ment still existing at Rjme, which the Emperor sculptures, in bafs - relief, spirally running Hadrian, in the name of the Roman people, around the whole. They refer to the actions erected to the honour of his great antecessor, oiTrajan, chiefly to the vanquishing of the the Emperor Trajan, on the magnificent mar- Dacians, which is exprefs'd by more than ket-place or Forum, constructed by the last. 1500 entire and half Fig. ures. At first stood This column, raised by the famous archi- on this column the bronce-statue of Trajan tect, Jpollodorus, is without including the that in the subsequent time was destroy'd. pedestal (of 17 feet) 118 feet high, and com- Therefore the Pope Sixtus V. commanded in posed of 34 large marble - blocks. Inwardly the year 1539 to erect upon it the colossal it is hollow; on 185 marble-steps one gets statue of the Apostle Ptter, still extant, as to the uppermost plate of the chapiter, from we see the whole here represented, whence one enjoys an enchanting prospect | |
| Ad99998 06 069a/eng | Plants. CXIII. Vol. VI. No. 67. PETRIFIED FORMS OF LEAVES OUT OF THE PRIMITIVE TIME. Between a thin-slaty sort of stone near the those in yon country. Consequently these castle Rauche -sauve, not far from the bo- leaves at present petrified and inclosed betrough Chaumerac in the Department de 1'Ar- ween beds of stone originate from plants, deche in France one finds at the digging which formerly a thousand years ago grew in and breaking asunder of the thin beds of that country, in the mean time that thos. stone a great many forms of leaves half beds of stone form'd themselves, but now are burnt to coals, half petrified, which hardly not met with among the flourishing plants, now and then, mostly not at all are found neither in that country, nor elsewhere in far exactly agreeing with leaves of plants, that distant lands of other zones, at present appear upon earth, still lefs with | |
| Ad99998 06 070a/eng | Miscell. Subj. CXIV. Vol. VI. No. 68. SCENE IN AFRICA. Our young readers have already often heard Who first applies all the 21 bowls, has won. of the unhappy Negros in Africa, whom the This play is said to be more difficult, than prejudice of Europeans places on the lowest our game at draughts, and one sees in Africa step of culture, almost level to the beasts, young Negro-women from their early youth treating them as slaves in the most unhuman sitting alone, and by meditation exercising manner. However these despised black men themselves in this play. of Africa have also higher dispositions of In the background we view a proof of mind, as the present plate will show us. In the corporal addrefs, viz-the manner, in the foreground sits under a Bananatree a which the Negro-Slaves fetch down the juice joung Negro-woman, meditating upon the got in bottles by incisions in the palm trees, play of Uri so much belov'd by them. This or the palm-wine. The Negro-Slave slings a play consists of a cliest divided into many circle of bark around himself and the palm, compartments, where two female players, and shoving forward this circle over the each with 2r bowls, alternatively and accor- sprigs of the tree, he climbs up and down ding to certain rules fill the compartments, by clinging his feet to it. | |
| Ad99998 06 071a/eng | Miscell. Subj. CXV. Vol. VI. No. 69. VIEW OF A PART OF THE CITY OF BATAVIA. To the most remarkable possession* of the habitants, consisting of Europeans, native Dutch in the Indies belongs the Island of Javanese, Malays, Chinese and Slaves. For Java, and the city of Batavia situate upon it, the conveniency of the commerce canals are the chief place of those extensive and wealthy conducted through the large fine streets, possessions. This city was built by the Dutch, along which rows of trees are affording after they had expel'd the Portuguese, in shade to the walkers. In the street here the years 1618 till 1631, indeed upon a mar- fig. ured stands the Dutch-Calvinist Cathedral, shy unhealthful ground, but on account of a beautiful octagonal building with a cupola, the adjoining harbour and bay exceeding well Batavia is the seat of the Dutch Generalsituated for commerce, It is constructed in Governor and council with regard to the the European manner, has 20 regular streets, possessions of the Dutch in the Indie», and at present 5270 houses with 115,960 in | |
| Ad99998 06 072a/eng | Plants. CXIII. Vol. VI. No. 70. SCARCE EXOTICK PLANTS. The gigantick Fourcroya. (Fourcroya gigantea.) This plant here appears cut of below the crown of leaves. The stock attains to the This plant remarkable on account of its height of 2 feet, and has the bignefs of » stately stalk of blossoms is properly native in feet, the thick stiff leaves are 5 feet long, the Islands of Curassao and St. Domingo, but From the midst of the stock shoots the pomfrom thence almost hundred years ago trans- pous stalk of flowers 20 till 30 feet high, planted in the European hot-houses, where being smooth and lightgreen. On it are fixed it has but twice flourish'd, once at Schoen- the blossoms formed like a bell and downbrun near Vienna, the second time 1793 at wards hanging, as we see some of them at Pans. Since in modern times in France it (A.) represented in their natural greatnefs. has been found to form a peculiar species of How splendid soever this gigantick stalk of plants, the name of the illustrious Chymist, blossoms is to the eye, yet the smell is nothe counsellor of state, Fourcroy has been thing lefs than pleasant, bestow'd upon it, | |
| Ad99998 06 073a/eng | Plants. CXIV. Vol. VI. No. 71. MEDICINAL-PLANTS. The Aloes of Soccotora. (Aloe soccotrina.) The Aloes here represented, remarkable on account of its physical virtues, as well as the common Aloes, (vide the Porte (olio of Children Vol. III. No. 24.) is met with in the isle of Soccotora, situated on the east coast of Africa, towards the straights, of Babelmandeb. The Stock rises a Foot and a half above the root, and at the top it bears thick Leaves which are pointed and indented. The Pedicle which measures about a foot and a half shoots out from amidst those leaves, bearing a clusterlike crown of red flowers, which partly raise themselves in an horizontal direction, partly hang downward. The pericarpium, arising from the flowers, includes the seed, which ripens only in the native country of this aloes. For that reason it is propagated in the hot-houses of Europe by means of germings. The carved leaves of this plant produce a murrey coloured juice, which, condensated into resin, formerly has been employed in medicine; but now little use is made of it. | |
| Ad99998 06 074a/eng | Worms. XII. Vol. VI. No. 72. POLYPES FORMED LIKE A CUP. yY e already got acquainted with - the Polypes, -in. Vol, I. "tab. 62. of our gallo.ry. They are creatures which occupy the. lowest degree* of the animal reign-, being ranked among the Zoophytes, »r(Fiant-Animals, on account of their Fig. ure; that resembles a plant. By way of aggrandizement the annexed table exhibits the Polypes of ihe shape of a cup. Aboye the maaabpcl-yyi (Fig.. . 8,) many times aggrandized, appears art elevation, (;;) that is the gullet, into which; the Polype, by means of the pincers, (o. o.) carries the food, consisting of worms and little insects. The body sticks to a large stalk7 (Fig. - 8. P- 9) which the Polype.extends,, in order to take hold of other objects,, or* wraps up, like a serpent, (Fig.. 9.) being in act to swim. — The Polypes here described, if we behold them with unarmed eyes, appear like little points round about the heterogeneous body they keep close to;in crowds, (Fig.. 1. 4. 6.) Through the microscope we however distinguish their Fig. ured bodies, -looking like poppy-heads and forming various groups. In Fig.. 2. and 3. they are represented cleaving to â duck's-meat, (a. b.) rne large stalk- of an older Polype being a point o£ conjunction, (Fig.. 3.) In Fig.. 5. our corpuscles adhere to the dead body of a yellow Polype. (fZ. d. d.). In Fig.. '7. they, most elegantly, surround a little snail, where we likewise perceive the wriggled stalks (i. it) as well as the upright ones. (A, h.) | |
| Ad99998 06 075a/eng | Amphib. XXVI. Vol. VI. No. 73. STRANGE AMPHIBIOUS CREATURES. The horned toad. (Rana cornuta.) l'I itherto we have had but very imperfect drawings, concerning this strange animal, which had been delineated after faded patterns preserved in spirits of wine. (Pictule Gallery. Vol, III. No. 39.) By means of'the last voyage of discovery, undertaken by the Russians, Mr. Tilesius, counsellor of the court and celebrated german naturalist, has supplied us with the first exact picture of the horned toad, drawn to the life in the annexed view. In little numbers it is met with in several parts of SouthAmerica as likewise in Brasil and in the isle of S. Catherine. Though, the rough body and large mouth, with which it catches insects, have an hideous appearance, yet the bright- sparkling colours of the skin display themselves very handsomely. The yellowish- brown body is adorned with sharppointed warts and white-edged Fig. ures of the colour of a violet. The fore- and hindpart of the head as also the hind-feet are adorned with plain spots of the most beautiful green. Above the eyes raise themselves the orange- coloured eye -lids, resembling a cone, which, slightly looked upon, have been compared to little horns; whence the name of this toad proceeds. Besides it is remarkable on account of its greatnefs, in Fig.. A. being represented shortened by half, and Fig.. B, exposing its head in lull length. According to the account of Mr. Tilesius the weight of the horned toad amounts to 4 pounds. By the Brasilians it is called Aran- Tango, or open tun. | |
| Ad99998 06 076a/eng | Misc. CXVI. Vol. VI. No. 74. SCENES OUT OF GREECE. Fig. 1. A shepherd of Morea. The present table exhibits one of the shepherds of the greek peninsula of the Morea, who is blowing on a simple rural pipe, near his herd. He is a mountain-shepherd, in his simple garment of sheep's skin, wearing a red cap upon the head and sandals on the feet. In the back-ground we perceive the sheepfold and the high scaffolds, which serve the shepherds for a summer-abode. In the winter or generally in cool nights these shepherds, with their flocks, retire into mountaincaverns, which are the usual dwellingplace of their families. These shepherds lead a very simple and poor life; yet with all that they are indépendant. Fig.2. The modern-greek Story-singer. The annexed view represents a moderngreek story-singer; in his usual custom, near a fountain of the turkish order, in a grove. Accompanied by his instrument, resembling a mandolin of a long neck, he gives several songs to some inhabitants of Morea, who differ, among themselves by rank and consequently by fashion, in the midst of whom we likewise behold a shepherd. These storysingers, traversing the whole country, perform, at the same time, the functions of poets, musicians and story -tellers for the sake of public sport. | |
| Ad99998 06 077a/eng | Misc. Subj. CXVII. Vol. VI. No. 75. NATIONAL FEAST OF THE RUSSIANS. There is a custom in Russia, according to which the impérial court bestows a feast upon the people of Petersburg, on solemn occasions, such as conclusions of peace, coronations andweddings. The annexed table exhibits such a feast, which took place in the year 1790, at the conclusion of the peace made with Sweden. Before the imperial Winter-palace they had constructed two pyramidical sc. ffolds, of 20 yards in height, (Pig. l.) whereof the steps, turning round about, were served up with meals and pastrywoik of every kind. Above each was placed a roasted ox, the one of which had gilded horns and the other silvered horns. The pyramids were adorned with rosecoloured tafiety in a manner that only the horns peeped out, which stood in competition for the prize. At the signal given by a cannon- shot the people rushed thither; they gained the tnffety by pieces; the meats were flung on all sides; a troop of courageous rowers got the golden horns and thereby a premium of 100 rubels. The pyramids being stripped, some fountains, at a little distance, began to spout out red and white, wine. (Fig.. 2.) The people rushed thither in crowds, gathering in hats the delicious drink and presenting it by turns to the neighbours. Some common Russians even climbed up the fountain itself, in order to catch the whole wine-spout, but a well - applied syringe cooled the too bold drinker, repelling him within his bounds. | |
| Ad99998 06 078a/eng | Miscell. Subj. CXVIII. Vol. VI. No. 76. THE MONTSERRAT IN SPAIN. Àt the distance of 9 leagues from Barcel- and rich monastery of the Bénédictins, in Iona towards the Northwest, in the Spanish the church of which is to be found a miprovince of Catalonia, is situated the re- raculous image of the virgin - Mary, is simarkable Montserrat, (that is to say : tacked tuated, as the annexed view exhibits, on or sawn hill) whißh is called thus from its the large middle - plain of the mountain, being composed merely of rocks and cliffs in an hollow, behind which arise many joining clode to one another, in the midst Rocks. Between those, by means of of which there are little plains. This moun- footh-pathes, one arrives at thirteen hermitain is likewise renowned as a place of pe- tages dispersedly situated on higher rocks, regrination, upon which is situated a con- Each of them consists in some chambers, vent of Bénédictins and twelve single her- a little chapel and garden. The hermit» mitages, that partly are built in a very living here are not clergy-men but lay-breromantick manner betwixt the single rocks, thren, who, after having renounced the The whole number of the people, who se- world, lead here a rigorous solitary life' parately have fixed their abode on the Mont- far from the tumult of the world. They «errat, amounts to 250, comprising friars, only descend to the monastery of the Belaybrethren and attendants. The great nedictins on certain festival days. | |
| Ad99998 06 079a/eng | Miscell. Subj. CXIX. Vol. VI. No. 77. REMARKABLE WALLS OF CYCLOPES OF THE ANTIQUITY. In several parts of Italy and Greece there mankind was but little acquainted with meare still to bé found many remains of an- chanical arts, and having required necessaricient stone-work, the singular structure of ly an enormous expence of strength, we at» which proves their being descended from tributed them to powerful giants of the prithe remotest antiquity, because, since im- mitive time, whence by the Ancients they memorial times, one does not build in such were already called malls of the Cyclopes. amanner. They are stone-walls, consisting The Cyclopes are the giants of the romantic of prodigious rocks, that are not hewed in- primeval world. The annexed view repreto squares, according to the present man- sents such a wall, comprising the proud ner, but artfully joined together and hea- remains of an ancient fortress, probably ped up, without cement or mortar, with those of Epidaurus - Limera, which exists as many polygons as they sprun" out of still in the background of the road of Mai. the quarry. These works having been con- vasia, in the peninsula of the Morea. A structed in the most ancient times, where handsome monument of human art! | |
| Ad99998 06 080a/eng | Misc. Subj. CXX. Vol. VI. No. 73. SCENES OF TAURIA, FORMERLY CALLED CRIMEA. Fig. 1. Dance of the Dervis. chpriest. The annexed table exhibits such a scene in the same JDervis are mahometa n mendicant friar», manner as it is represented in the principilo partly live in convents, partly shift pal mosquey at Bakts chi-Sara.) in Tauria. about in the Orient, particulary in Turkey and Persia, preaching their faith and pia- Fig. 2. Buffoon in Crimea. ying many superstitious tricks and juggles, The present table exposes to sight a in order to deceive the people. Accor- jew of Constantinopolis, who, accompanied ding to a singular rite they assemble by a rattling musick of gipsies, is playing in a moschey, (mahometan church) eve- his legerdemain-tricks for the sport of so*y tuesday and friday, in the evening, me gentlemen, who are his spectators, where, in presense of other devouts, they The dance being finished, he has formed keep divine service, and then lead a dan- his garments like a puppet, fastened upon ce, which only consists in a rapid turning, a staff, on the left arm, with which he One after the other falls into a kind of keeps a foolish discourse. The dumb pupswoon, out of which he is directly rou- pet only answers by blow«, to the utsed by few words whispered into his ear most delight of the spectators. | |
| Ad99998 06 081a/eng | Miscell. Subj. CXXI. Vol. VI. No. 79. THE PERUVIAN GIANT. Mett of extraordinary greatness are called America, tlie annexed table representing a Giants, as the name of dwarf is given to peruvian giant, called Basilio Huaylas, those, who distinguish.. themselves by unu- who, in the year 1792, was brought from sual littleness. Both of them are excepted the city of lea to Lima, capital of.Peru, from usual greatness of man, as we can in order to appear in publick. At the age not suppose there to be whole nations of of 24 years he exceeded the height of 7 giants or dwarfs upon our terrestrial globe, feet. The members of the body were of though tribes of lesser men may be found a disproportionate bigness, particularly towards the North, as well as the great those of the upper part. Ordinarilv Huayprogeny of Patagonians in South-America, las made his appearance in the strange custom here represented. In comparison Men of uncommon greatness frequent- a man of common size stands at his side, ly expose themselves to sight for money, by what means his gigantic Fig. ure is renon account of the scarcity, as every one de red the more striking, knows. The same custom is also found in | |
| Ad99998 06 082a/eng | Misc. Subj. CXXII. Vol. VI. No. 80. EQUESTRIAN STATUE OF JOSEPH II, BEFORE THE IMPERIAL PALACE IN VIENNA. The present Emperor of Austria, his Majesty Francis I. determined to get erected a magnificent monument to the memory of his great uncle, Joseph II, who exceedingly deserved it of his nation by introducing useful arts and sciences. The Emperor desired this monument to consist of Joseph's equestrian statue of bronze, supported by a pedestal of granite, in order to embellish Joseph's place, before the imperial palace in Vienna. Mr. Zauner, a celebrated statuary in Vienna, was charged with this commission. After 11 jears of work the whole was finished in the most perfect manner, as the present view exhibits, and consecrated on Joseph's place the 24. of Nov. 1807, in the presence of the imperial family. The Emperor Joseph is seated on horseback, in the roman manner announcing his protection to his subjects by the extended right hand. Besides the tables of inscription there are on the pedestal two Basreliefs of bronze, relative to Joseph's merits. The opposite side refers to the freedom and Improvements which Joseph granted to the Trade of Austria. The height of the whole monument amounts to 33 feet, 8 inches ; that of the horse to I3feet; the Fig. ure of the Emperor is inheight II feet. The group of the horse with the Fig. ure of bronze has 400 quintals of weight. This statue is a beautiful monument of german art, worthy of being transmitted to the remotest posterity. | |
| Ad99998 06 083a/eng | Plants CXV. Vol. VI. No. 81. RARE TREES. The Wax-Palm-Tree of South-America. (CeroxyIon andicola.) 1 hi3 remarkable kind of Palm-tree, which arrives at the extraordinary height of 160 or iSo feet, has been discovered by Mr. Alexander Humboldt, the celebrated naturalist, during his travels through SouthAmerica, oa the mountain called Quindiu. The trunk, that sticks to the earth with many roots and filaments, rises uprightly; betwixt the rings, formed by the fallen leaves, there cleaves a yellow bark, three lines thick, as smooth as a reed, consisting in a mixture of resin and was. On the left we behold a piece of the trunk in its natural greatness. The natives, who consider this bark as pure wax, form thereof tapers and candles, after having mixt it with a third of tallow. The spherical fruits, o[ violet - colour have a sweetish taste and are crowded together like bunches of grapes; the interiour part encloses a hard almond. This Palm-tree never bears more than ten feathered leaves, rising to the height of 18 = 21 feet, so that the whole offers a surprizing and sublime sight. | |
| Ad99998 06 084a/eng | Garments. XI. Vol VI. No. 82. PERUVIAN INCAS. The ancient Peruvians in South - America were a nation tolerably well civilized They had hereditary kings, who, as well as all the royal princes, were called Jncas, hein g regarded by the Peruvians as sons of Gods, off - springs of the sun, under the Fig. ure of which they adored the supreme deity. These Incas, whose families at present have almost been extirpated by the Spaniards, who conquered Perù, enjoyed a preeminence of reputation and honour, as we can judge by what has been before mentioned. Even now - a. aavs much reverence is paid to their memory, the present Peruvians still continuing to represent them symbolically, on solemn processions, though dressed in more precious and modernized garments than these princes used to wear at the time of their splendour. The annexed view exhibits such an allegorical representation of modern time?. We behold an Inca with his consort in their modern habit oF parade, which in. some particulars differs from the ancient one, as they are represented still now à days, on great solemnities, for the remembrance of ancient times, to the Peruvians, who do not belong to their descendants. | |
| Ad99998 06 085a/eng | Miscell. Subj. CXXIII.. Vol. VI. No. 83. TURKISH TOMBS. To the modern Greeks and Turks death, according to the usual manner of antiquity-, does not appear under aspects of fear and terror, they rather consider it as a state of sweet repose, without aversion. For that reason ihey bury their corpses in open coffins, trimmed with precious stuffs ; they dreis the dead body in the best clothes of the deceased, covering him with flowers. Thus they commit the last remains to graves situated without the towns, on high • ways or upon hills surrounded by cypresses. These sepulchers, which frequently serve as publick walking - places, are of the most charming forms, consisting in open chests of white marble, (Fig.. II.) near which arise pillars decorated with symbols relative to the sex and rank of the deceased. The turban signifies a man; a kind of urn a woman; a rose denotes a girl. Within these chests, filled with light earth, they plant flowers, that are cultivated with religious care by the relations of the deceased. Richer Turks get built whole funeralhalls, (Fig.. i.) which consist either of open arches, bearing a cupola, or are locked up and enlightened from above. The annexed view likewise exhibits buildings of greater compass, provided with open vestibles, where the Mahometans perform their devotion. | |
| Ad99998 06 086a/eng | Worms XIII. Vol. VI. No. 84. THE ECHINOID ASTERIAS. In Vol. III. No. 94- °f our Picture• Gallery we already became acquainted with the admirable Medusa's head sea star, belonging to the genus Asteria or star - fish. The annexed table exhibits an other extraordinary species of these animals, viz, the echinoid Asterias. It is a native of the Indian seas, which sometimes arrives at so considerable a size, as to measure more than twelve inches in diameter. From the body depressed and covered with a coriaceous crust arise twenty rays, that are spinous as well as the body. The mouth of this animal consists of the aperture, which we behold in the midst of the body. Most beautiful specimens of this curious animal were formerly: preserved in the Leverian Museum at London. — | |
| Ad99998 06 087a/eng | Misc. CXXIV. Vol VI. No. 85. ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL AT LONDON. The cathedral church of St. Paul, which we see here represented from the side of the Thames, is one of the most beautiful buildings of modern architecture. It stands in the centre of the great metropolis of the british empire, being reared in the place of an ancient gothic cathedral, that was almost entirely destroyed by the terrible fire of 1666. The celebrated Architect, Sir Christopher Wren, formed his plan of it partly on the Model of St. Peter's Church at. Rome This immense edifice was reared in 35 years, the foundation being laid on the 2i£t- of June 1675 and the building completed in 1710, at the expence of 4,420,512 dollars of Saxony. This Cathedral is in the form of a erosi. The outside is adorned with three magnificent entrances and two ranges of pilastres. Above the principal entrance stand two steeples; the chief ornament, however, i» the stately dome, rising in the centre. The dome rests on 32 columns supporting a gallery surrounded by a balustrade, the ascent to which from tl»? bottom is by 534 stepsi 0»er the gallery rises the magnificent cupola with a second gallery, on the top of which stands a little turret or lanthorn terminating in a gilded ball and cross. — The inside of St. Paul's is so far from corresponding in beauty with its exterior that it is only decorated with conquered ship'« flags and two statues and monuments erected in honour of Johnson and Howard. The annexed view exhibits likewise a remarkable procession consisting of the Lord Mayor's going by water to Westminsterhall, with great pomp, in barges splendidly decorated. This procession takes place annually on the 9'h. of November, being the day on which the new chief magistrate enters upon the duties of hit office. | |
| Ad99998 06 088a/eng | Plants CXVI. Vol. VI. No. 86. FAIR EXOTIC SHRUBS. The dwarf rosebay. (Rhododendron ponticum.) This beautiful shrub is met with in the Orient as well as in several parts of SouthSpain, particularly in the environs of Gibraltar, and in the orange-houses of Germany. Cultivated with due care it forms a shrub like a tree of 5 a 6 feet of height. The oblong and pointed leaves are ever green; they have a shining surface; on the inferior part they arc. lighter green, traversed by strong veins and crooked towards the extremitv. They cleave together in great numbers towards the top of the branches. The stalk is extremely short. In the months of June and July on the points of the branches there appear red blossoms of five leaves, that stick together like clusters, which recommend this shrub as an embellishment of gardens. At first sight it resembles the Oleander, but on beholding it more attentively we easily find out the difference. The dwarf rosebay comprehends eleven kinds, which chiefly are found on high mountains, or Alps, whence their name derives. In the native country of this shrub some kinds are employed in medicine on account of their astringent virtue. | |
| Ad99998 06 089a/eng | Misc. Subj. CXXV. Vol. VI. No. 87. THE GIANTS-CAUSEWAY IN IRELAND. The isle of Staffa and Final's care in Scotland are not superior in beauty to the magnificent Giants- causeway, situated on the northwestern coast of Ulster, in the county of Antrim in Ireland. It is naturally formed of innumerable pillars of basaltes which arise perpendicularly, having been regarded in former times by superstitious people as a work of spirits and giants. Those pillars of basaltes (which are reckoned 30,000) form a kind of promontory gradually declining towards the sea aud terminating in a causeway, which by means of the pillars proportionately broken off forms an even way. This causeway has about 600 feet in length and 120 to 14.0 in breadth. The single pillars have 12 to 15 inches in diameter, being quadrangular, sexangukr and octangular, but for the most part sexangular, as the present table shews, on one side elevated and on the other fluted, whereby the single parts of the pillars join together like the vertèbres of the back-bone, thus supporting themselves in an upright direction. | |
| Ad99998 06 090a/eng | Misc. Subjects CXXVI. Vol. VI. No. 88. THE BLAST OF WHEAT. The blast of corn, which frequently impairs the produces of harvest, is a sickness of the corn-plants, which is not discernible untili the ears begin to bud. Wheat is most frequently attacked by this sickness of blast, that consists in the grains not being duely ripe, whence instead of containing a white and mealy substance, they are filled up with blackish grains consisting of dust and stinking in their fresh state, whereby at length the whole car is soiled, when the blighted wheat-grains buTst and the blasting fies out. P. I is a blasted wheat grain in its natural greatness. Fig.. 2. and 3. considerably magnified, b b b in both Fig. ures there are the tops steiilized by sickness, a a. Fig.. 2. the pistils deformed by sickness. 'Fig.. 3: shews the interior of a blasted wheat-grain. Fig.. 4. exhibits a number of magnified grains of the blasting. Every grain is composed of several other lumps accumulated together, which we discern through the microscope on moistening the blast. Fig.. 6. shews the form of single grains of the sound and immature wheat-flour, when it is wettish. The blasting of wheat is but a particular kind of mushrooms consisting of dust and belonging to the genus blast, comprehending many species. To the same genus is likewise ascribed the pretended rust of corn. In Fig.. 5. we behold the form of the grains of the rust of bailey greatly magnified. | |
| Ad99998 06 091a/eng | Misc. Subjects CXXVII. Vol. VI. No. 89. RUINS OF THE ANCIENT CITY OF SAGUNT IN SPAIN. In the South of Spain, between Valencia and locked themselves up with their relations Barcellona, is situated the city of Murviedro, in the houses which were set on fire, thus where there are the ruins of ancient Sa- delivering themselves as free citizens to the giuit, whose remains we behold in Fig.. I. flames with their preciousEffects. The Romans an;l II. of this table. vindicated the Saguntines in the second war with the Carthaginians by expelling The city of Sagunt is famous for the them from amidst the ruins of the demoPerseverance beyond all example with which lished city, which they rebuilt more magthe inhabitants, the allies to the Romans, nificently than before, and yet Sagunt, a defended themselves against the Carthagi- second time restored to all its splendour, nians under the conduct of Hannibal after was again destroyed by the Barbarians dutne first war with the above mentioned na- ring their invasion in the fifth century, the tion. Tha Carthaginians after a siege of only evidences of its former grandeur being «ight months having at length taken the city the remains, particularly those of the theaby assault, and the rapacious soldiers being tre, part of which we behold in Fig. I. in permitted by Hannibal to plunder it tho- the fore-ground. Under the succeding doroughly he was astonished at finding not- minion of the Goths Sagunt was rebuilt hing but destruction and mint. The in- once more but with less beauty. The rehabitants of Sagunt had ra;her die than mains uf that time are probably those, of itfrvive the foil of their liberty; those, the citadel. (Fig.. H.) tli;t bad not fallen gloriously in fi'gthing | |
| Ad99998 06 092a/eng | Misc. CXXVlll. Vol. VI. No. 90. CELTICK MONUMENTS OF CARNAC. In the western parts of France, near the castle of Cornac, in the department of Morbihan, along the sea-shore, in a mournful desert of downs, there are found the following remarkable monuments of antiquity, deriving from the Celts, who anciently inhabited that part of Gallia. In those sandy p loins, wholly destitute of rocks, the traveller meets with rough blocks of stone, which, being supporled only by their own weight without a basis, are supposed to have been erected by human efforts in a very bold manner. The number of these blocks of stone, which arise perpendicularly, still amounts to 4000, the use of which proves difficult to be explained, though, most propably, they refer to the religious customs of that ancient people. The groupes of stone which we see (Fig. - II.) seem to be still more nearly related to certain science;, containing perhaps observations on the starry sky. | |
| Ad99998 06 093a/eng | Misc. Subjects. CXXIX. Vol. VI. No. 91. VIEW OF THE GREAT SQUARE OF THE CITY OF MEXICO IN AMERICA. In the place of the present city of Mexico, which lias been built hy the Spaniards after the conquest of that country of the new world, anciently was situated the city of Tenochtitlan, the residence of proper kings of the ancient inhabitants. This city having been taken by the Spaniards and wholly destroyed, after a persévérant siege in 1521, Cortez, the leader of the Spanish army, ordered a new city of Mexico to be founded after the european fashion, which contains about 140,000 inhabitants, not being inferior to any one of the most celebrated cities of Europe. We behold here represented the great square (la plaza i:iajvr) where in former times stood the gr&a temple of Mcxitili, or the God of war of the primitive (inhabitants of America afterwards thus called. Now-a-days this place is adorned with the magnificent equestrian statue of Charles IV., King of Spain, constructed of metal by the celebrated Spanish artist Don Manuel Dolsa, and reared in Mexico in 1203. The place round the statue is paved with freestones of porphyry, surrounded by a balustrade and locked up with four gates. Behind the principal place in the center of our figure we behold the stately cathedral church (2), part of which (3) is entirely built in the moresk style. On the left of the cathedral church we view the palace simply built, which is the seat of the Viceroy of new Spain. | |
| Ad99998 06 094a/eng | Misc. Subj. CXXX. Vol. VI. No. 92. THE FOUNTAIN CALLED TOP HANÈ AT CONSTANTINOPLE. This remarkable and magnificent fountain, situated in Top-.Hanc, one of the suburbs of Constantinople, whence its name derives, has been lately copied for the first time by the germ an artist Melling, architect to the Sultana Hadidge, the distrustful Turks seldom permitting something to be copied from their publick buildings. This monument is notable because it gives a perspicuous idea of the st)le and art of decorating of the Mahometans. The Sultan Mikmud caused this fountain to be built in 1733 as a work of beneficence, in order to provide this part of Constantinople with good water as well as with a place for performing the religious washings that are in use among the Turks. The inferior part of the edifice is incrusted with white marble, the surface of which being most elegantly adorned with several gilded volutes, ornaments and sentences of the Alcoran, the holy book of the Turks. Notwithstanding there are to be found no Fig. ures of men or animals, which is prohibited according to the turkish faith. Above the inferior part of the building, that has 25 feet in square and a spring on each of these four sides, stands out a pentice of 16 feet which gives the most agreeable shade. A vaulted roof adorned with 16 turrets terminates the whole in an elegant manner. Near the fountain we see some Turks occupied by their holy washings and next to these a group of turkish women. In th« fore-ground drives a turkish coach all over furnished with lattica - windows, wherein th« women of the Turks take the air. | |
| Ad99998 06 095a/eng | Misc. Subj. CXXXI. Vol. VI. No. 93. REMARKABLE PETRIFICATIONS. The petrified Sea-Palm or Pentacrinit. (Pentacrinites Helmintholithus portentosus. L.) of antiquity, tacriliit. belonging systematically to the same genus called Encrinus. The animals of this order keep the midst between the coralloid animais and the Sea-stars, living always under _/ entacrlnits are petrified forms of animals the profoundest gulfs of the sea, partly in the belonging to the class of the Zoophytes or torrid zone, partly in colder regions, where Plant-animals, consisting of a manybranched by way of their flexible stalks they adhere and tufty substance that sticks to a membe- close to the ground. In many countries of red and branchless stalk of several feet in Europe the petrified sea - palms are to be length. For the present we know but two found enclosed and vanished by growing in or three species of Zoophytes which are near- the lime-stones. | |
| Ad99998 06 096a/eng | Misc. Subjects. CXXXII. Vol. VI. No. 94. REMARKABLE PETRIFICATIONS. Petrified Sea-Lilies or Encrinits of Antiquity. (Encrinites HeImintholithus. Encrinus L.) Encrinits or Sea-lilies are petrified kinds of plant-animals of former ages, looking in some manner like the sea-palm, still living in the profundities of the sea of the Antilles, and probably belonging to the same genus Encrinus. Fig.. i. exhibits a sea-lily, many-branched and closed, with the stalk of many articles, by way of which the living zoophyte kept close to the bottom of the sea. Fig.. 2. is an Encrinit of many arms, without a stalk, both of them being provided with round joints. Fig.. 3. shews the closed main-body, formed like a Fig., of an other kind of Encrinits, whose joints are pentagonal, as the basis exhibits, that stuck to the stalk. The other Fig. ures are partly single joints of sea-lilies, which are commonly called by several names, viz: St. Cuthbert's beads, trochytes, astroites etc., partly they-are pieces, formed like a pillar, of such stalks consisting of many articles that rise one above another (6. 7.) being usually called Entrochites, star stones. In many regions of Germany and of other foreign countries the petrified Encrinits are met with in several kinds of lime-stones. | |
| Ad99998 06 097a/eng | Plants CXVII. Vol. VI. No. 95. MEDICAMÉNTAL PLANTS. Fig. 1. The common Elecampane. (Inula Helenium. L.) ±he common or genuine Elecampane is an useful plant, which grows wild in several parts of Europe and in some regions of Germany, being cultivated on fields for its utility as also in gardens for ornament. The long and thick roots, that have a strong and bitter taste, are partly dried, partly employed in medicine in several dissolutions. They likewise form thereof a salutary wine and beer of the same name. The root, mixed with pot-ashes and bill-berries, produces a blue colour. From the root ismes a stalk, of 3 in 4 feet in height, furnished with large and dented leaves, at the top of which, in the months of July and August, appear the yellow and scentless flowers formed like a star. Fig. 2. The common Soapwort. (Saponaria officinalis. L.) This salutary plant, 2 in 3 feet high, that grows uncultivated in Germany along the roads and in hedges, bears white blossoms inclining to red, during the summermonths. The leaves as well as the root have soapy and solutive principles that offer an approved remedy agiinst many diseases. For ornament it has been transplanted in te gardens, where by way of culture a variation of it has been produced with clusters of double flowers. | |
| Ad99998 06 098a/eng | Misc. Subj. CXXXIII. Vol. VI. No. 96. THE MORAI, OR BURYING-PLACE, OF THE ISLE NUKAHIWAH IN THE SOUTH-SEA. In the South-sea is to be found a group of isles, first discovered in 1595 and known under the name of isles of Marquesa or Mendoza. Amoügst the northern ones is also situated the isle of Nuhakiivak, with which we more nearly became acquainted by means of the last voyage round the world, undertaken by the Russians for discovery's sake, under the guidance of the Captain of Kmsenstcrn. The inhabitants of this island are well-shaped, healthy, and of a vigorous constitunon; their carnation resembles that of the Europeans. They adorn the whole body with pricked Fig. ures, which they rub into the flesh with a dark-blue earth, whence ihey never vanish. These islanders of the South - sea are not in the least of a sweet temper; on the contrary they are malicious and vindictive in such a manner that they devour their captivated enemies. Except a small scarf, they are stark-naked. Their habitations are only cottages composed of bamboo • reed. Alter many ceremonies theyr commit the dead to their burying - places, or Morais, whereof every family has a particular one. The Russians, who circumna« vigated the world, obtained the permission of visiting such a Moral, the image of which we view in the annexed table. This Moral was situated in a romantic region, on a hill; in a coffin was exposed a corpse. Outwardly stood some deformed idols carved in wood; close to these they beheld pillars, consisting of cocoa-leavet, and environed by stuffs of white cotton. The whole referred to religious customs. | |
| Ad99998 06 100a/eng | Insects. LIII. Vol. VI. No. 98. FESTOON ORANGE BUTTERFLY OF CHINA. (Papilio Bernardus. Fabricii.) On a copied nrancn °f a japan and chinese plant, called Japan Rose, we behold a great diurnal Butterfly, fairly designed, that is a native of China and Japan. The prime colour of its fore - wings is fiery - red, laciniated with a yellow cross - fascia, and with a lavge and black border. The hinrlwings, likewise fiery - red, are tailed, and elegantly spotted with black eyes and white central point». The upper Fig. ure exhibits this Butterfly in the state of reposa, with the bearing of its clapt wings, whose inferior side is finely adorned. This exotic Butterfly belongs to the eye-spotted ones, among which, however, there is none in Germany, that equals this chinese Butterfly in the greatness and beauty of the louring. | |
| Ad99998 06 101a/eng | Misc. Subj. CXXXr. Vol. FL No. 99. RUSSIAN HORN-MUSIK. This Musick, invented in Russia in 1750, by a native Bohemian, called Maresch, has such a dignity, grandour, sweetness and plenitude of sounds, as are not to be found in any Musick whatever, even not in the organs, to which, however, it bears the greatest resemblance. This Musick being the more extraordinary because every horn has but one tone, a brief description of it will prove much interesting both to connoisseurs of Musick and to those, who are strangers to it. The annexed table gives an intuitive representation of it. The region exhibits a forest where one sees the imperial corps of russian hunters, divided in four files, and placed on an eminence, with their hunting-horns. In the first file stands the treble, in the second the counter-tenor, in the third the tenor, and in the h most the bass. Every one holds in his hand a little musick-book, upon which he is to fix his eyes steadfastly, in order to give the tone in the very nick of time. He therefore is obliged to count exactly all the other sounds, till it comes to his turn to wind the horn. His whole art, which surely is not easy in allegros and trills, contists in making just stops. In the other hand he has the brazen or copper-horn. In the front, before the treble, or in the first file, stands the Master of the musical chapel, who has placed the partition before him, on a desk. He keeps in his hand a little staff, with which he not only beats the time, but also every fourth. The basses, on account of their bigness, rest on little pedestals, constructed for that purpose. The Horn-Musick is composed of about forty persons, every one of whom has one horn or two. Those horns, that give the lowest bass-tones, have 5 in 7 feet in length. This measure diminishes proportionally so that the least ones arrive only to the length of one foot. There is nothing more touching than to hear a choral-song, or adagio, performed on this instrument; there is nothing more merry than to behold an allegro blown there-upon, when a Musician, with two horns is often changing them, in a swift time. Though the instruction of such a Virtuoso requires an extraordinary patience yet the Russians, who generally have great talents for Musick, very soon become accustomed to observe the time. | |
| Ad99998 06 102a/eng | Plants CXVIII. Vol. VI. No. 100. ORNAMENTAL PLANTS. The purple-coloured Rudbeckia. ( Rudbcckia purpurea. L.) The purple-coloured Rudbeckia is a beautiful ornamental plant, which grows wild in North-America, on the mounts of Virginia, Carolina and Florida, being likewise cultivated in our gardens for ornament, on account of its singular appearance. It has been thus denominated in honour of the deserving Swedish botanist, Olaus Rudbeck. This plant shoots a stalk of 3 in 4 feet in height, to which alternately stick the long-pointed and dented leaves. The large and beautiful purple flowers, that adhere to the top of the stalk, are formed like rays, hanging loose together with the leaves cloven on the extremity. | |
| Ad99998 07 003a/eng | Misc. Subj. CXXXVI. Vol. VII. No. 1. PERSIAN CURIOSITIES. Persia,. anciently celebrated among the Countries of Asia, still belonss, on severat flccounts, to the rernarkable' empires of that part o£ the world. The annexed print exhibits.: ;-:.' i Fig. 1. View of the city of Shiras. Shiras, the capital city of the province of Farsistan, or 'of Persia properly thus called, is situated in an extensive and beäutifill valley; but novv-a-däjs its ancient spleridour is greatly göne to decay. It is surrounded with walls arid lias six gâtes ; the houses, cohstructed of bricks', hâve a bad appearance, but nevertheless Shiras lias a beautiful Basar or customhouse, as well as other public buildings. This city is likewise famous for its excellent wine, called \vine of Shiras, which is renown'd ail over Asia. Fig. 2. Tomb of the persian Poet Hafiz. Arts and sciences were flourishing ïn former centuries in the Éast as well as in Persia. Among the celebrated men of that country they also name the Poet Hafiz, who was born in Mosselly, near Shiras, and died there in 1340. We behold hère represented his tomb variously distingulshed. It is situated in the center of a large square burjing ground, resemblirtg a garden. At the entrance are two great lions, opposite, in a l'atticed enclpsure are the tombs of Hafiz, of two of his disciples, and of a Prince of the royal blood. Ail four are formed like coffîns of stone, on each side surrounded with sto» nés, six foot high, where upon are engraved several passages of the Alcoran. The persian Sovereign, Kerim - Khan, çaused this tomb to be embellished, an édifice with rriany rooms having been reared behind it. Close by there is the sepulchre of Saadi, an other celebrated persian Poet. | |
| Ad99998 07 004a/eng | Plants CXIX. Vol. VII. No. 2. THE FILAMENTOUS YUKKA. (Yucca filamentosa.) JL he Yucca is exclusively found in Ameri- clous Yucca, is originally of Virginia and ca, and comprehends many species, whicli, Carolina, where it is to be found on the as for the structure, accord together in so sandy shores of the rivers. It has but a much that the trunk, often arriving to the short trunk ; from the Ieaves grows up the height of ten in twelve feet, produces, on- " stalk, often five to six foot high, to which ly at the top, a tuft of long Ieaves, for stick the white flowers, inclining to yellow, the most part dented like a saw, from whose and formed like tulips. The Ieaves of this center shoots out a long and branched stalk, species hâve the singularity of being more forming tha most beautiful crown. For round, and of bearing, on their surface, that reason this fair american plant is also long and single filaments, which, before met with in several hot-hoùses. the Europeans imported their linen-cloth, \ were employed by the Americans in fabriThe species hère copied, or the fila- cating a stuff approaching the same quality. | |
| Ad99998 07 005a/eng | Worms XIV. Vol. VII. No. 3. THE WINDING SERTULARlA OR VESICULAR CORALLINE. (Sertularia volubilis, Linn. S. uniflora, Pallas.) About the trunk and tire branches of a red prickly coralline winds an other species of zpophytes, belonging to the genus Sertularia oxvesicular coralline, represented in its natural greatness in Fig. . 1. and magnified in Fig. . 2. of the annexed table. This ;winding seitularia has the appearance of a .plant, as well as all the plant-animais, inhabiting the Océan; but its substance is white, .horney, elastic, flexible and half transparent, rwhose united and subile filaments form an articulated , tortuous and filaceous stalk, .which serves as a shelter to particular polypes, adhering to it and dwelling in seperate cells (even hère indistingûishable) of thèse articulations, from whence they extend their armed fangs to catch their food. The little bells, with a dented border, on the long and articulated stalk$,of.the trunk of the sertularia, are open and transparent cases, looking like vesicles, which, in the hottest summerseason shoot out of the sertularia, and wherein form themselves oval burgeons, either cleaving to the principal trunk, or separated from if. From such burgeons issue new sertularia.s, which continue growing. The polypes of the sertularias feed upon the least and most tender microscopical worms, living in the sea-water. | |
| Ad99998 07 006a/eng | Miscell. Subj. CXXXVII. Vol. VII. No. 4. THE CATACOMBS OR SUBTERRANEAN SEPULCHRES OF ROME. The Catacombs, or subterraneous sepulchres, at Rome and their environs are famous for their antiquity as also for their great number. They consist of innumerable passages and Chambers, turning and winding, like a labyrinth, in the solid pozzolano of a hardened and vulcanicearth. In the earliest times of Rome thèse passages took their rise from the pozzolano du g out for the construction of buildings. At the time of the roman Republick and of the Emperors thèse innumerable sandpits were employed in burying poor people and slaves, upon whose corpses they would not bêstaw the funeral expences- At the time of cliristianity the acts of burying in the Catacombs augmented; there were interred the Christians, who had fallen as Martyrs in the persécutions. Part of the Catacombs, extending to a great distance near Rome, are exhibited in Figr. with the tombs partly open partly locked up. The closed sepulchres, eut in the walls of the Catacombs, hâve the outward appearance of Fig. . 4. — Fig. . 2. 3. and 5. represent many of them, which were examined after having been opened. They found therein the remains of human bones more or less preserverî. By the initial letters of the word of Christ it appears they belonged to Christians. In the sepulchre (Fig. . 3) reposed a Martyr, as may be judged by the preserved palm twig and hatchet. | |
| Ad99998 07 007a/eng | Misc. Subjects. CXXXVIII. Vol. VII. No. 5. ETRUSCAN CATACOMBS OF THE ANCIENT CITY OF TARQUINIA. In the présent Grand- dutchy of Toscany, near.the town of Corneto, where anciently was situated Tarquinia, one of the twelve capital-cities of Etruria, are to be found many catacombs, or subterranean sepulchralchambers. Tliey are carved in whitish limestones, being remarkable for their structure as well as for their variegated Ornaments. The descent to them is through square apertures. In one of thèse Etruscan catacombs (Fig. . 1.) the cieling is formed o£ four contiguous Squares, carved out of the rock with Recesses. The remains of the dead repo*ed either in nrns, or probably also on the banks round about the side- walls. The walls and friezes of thèse sepulchral - Chambers are covered with party-coloured symbolical pictures, alluding to the State of the soûls after deatb, according to the ideas of the Etrurians. On the frieze we therefore behold men devoured by wild beasts; * allusion to the punishments attending the cri.minai. . Other compartments of thèse catacombs (Fig. . 2.) rest on pillars carved out of the rock itself^ as well as the architectural recesses of the [cieling whence they gîve perpetuity to the whole. On the side- walls we likewise observe painted friezes of many Fig. ures, which offer abundant matter of discussion to the antiquary. Y> | |
| Ad99998 07 008a/eng | Quadrupeds. LXXVII. Vol. VII. No. 6. THE GIGANTICK BUFFALO. (Bos Arni.) A.oeoîig the animtlls hitberto .Utile' krsown separated Afeet frora each other. In Fig. ure the belongs the gigamick-Buffalc, 6.x Ar ni, vçhic.h, Arnils said.to participate of the"ox,..of thehoraccording to theaccounts of the English- se and of the stag." Though. it;be courageous men, lives in the mountainous régions of and strong, yet it is tamed and employed inriNorth - Hindostan as well:;-as in tke woods ding in the northern parts of the East-Indies. of North-Bengal. ;;An.,english offjcer men- For a great whjle the gigantick Buffalo tions such a Buffalo, he had found there, 14 was knovvn only by seuils dug .out;here and foot high .fröm. the hoof to the top of.the there, to which stick the huge horns. Such horns. It is black - coloured; a red - haired seuils of Ami are met with in several catuft sticks betwixt its huge horns, which are binets of natural hiïtory. | |
| Ad99998 07 009a/eng | Garments. XII. Vol. VII. No. 7. PERSIAN GARMENTS. The inhabitants of Persia are hère represented in their différent. garmenls. The Persians are lively, addicted to pleasures, and a little frivolous ; but for ail that more sociable and more compassionate strangers than their neighbours, the rude and distrustful' Turks. They are middlesized, rather lean than fat, but of a vigorous and healthy constitution. Though the Mahometan is the prédominant religion, yet they tolerate many other sects, as the Gebers, vvho adore the fire. From the simple dress of the Curdes, (Fig. . I.) a half savage, rapacious and mountaineer people of West-Persia, we make the transition to the garments of the Persians. Fig. 2. A Persian of a middle condition, in the summer-habit. The garments of the Persians are long, vvide, and party - coloured, after the oriental fashion., The rieh wear precious silkstuffs, richly bordered with gold, silverand gems. The Persian hère portrayed wearg a sîiirt of red silk, over it a wai.ucoat and a vvide surtout, .that' descends tili to the ancle, being girded with a shawl. The head is covered with a cap, formed like a turban. Fig. 3-4. Persian Women. The clothes of the persian women are more agreeable than those of the men. They do not eut the hair, but cover the head either with a shawl, in the shape of a Veil, or twist it like a turban. Over the smock, which is open tili to the middle of the body, they wear a gown descending to the knee, and adorned with loops of gold and silver. The wide breeches are closely quilted and lined from the top to the bottom. | |
| Ad99998 07 010a/eng | Worms XV. Vol. VII. No. 8. THE ALCYONIUM OR DEVIL'S HAND. (Alcyonium manus diaboli, Linn.) The Alcyonium, formedlike a hand, which by the marineis and inhabitants of the seashore is vulgarly called devil's band, thief's hand, hand o£ Judas, sea-hand, is a particular species of plant - animais, or zoophytes, belonging to the genus Alcyonium. It is composed of inflexfble and almost horney filaments, surrounded, in their fresh state, by ajuicy substance, in which, towards the exterior part, in the fingers or dents, are little caves or cells, serving as a continuai abode to pariicular polypes (he-re not copied) of a cylindrical Fig. ure, and furnished with many fringed fangs, round âbout the aperture of the mouth. The out-side of this plant-animal varies, as to the form, length and ihickness of the dents, as shews Fig. . i. compared with Fig. . 2. Besides both Fig. ures exhibit the natural greatness together with the cavities, shaped like a pipe, at the top of the points, where the polypes dvvell. These Alcyoniums are to be found on the coasts of Holland, France and England, where by growing they cleave to the inferior parts of stones, muscles and snails. | |
| Ad99998 07 011a/eng | Miscell. Subj. CXXXIX. Tom. VII. No. 9. RUSSIAN IRREGULAR LIGHT HORSE. The annexed table exbibits several Christian .people, living under the russian donation and forming a light horse for the miy service«. Fig. 1 and 2. Donick Cosacks. Fig. 2. An officer of the donick Cosackst who are a brauch of the russian nation and à rude, martial, pastoral people, inhabiting thé shores of the river Don, whence their name dérives. Fig. 2. A common donick Cosack. Fig. 3. A Kalmuck. We behold hère copied a Kalmuck, (as his physiognomy at first sight shews) who, having passed to the Cosacks, at least see" mingly professes the Christian religion. Fig. 4. An uralick Cosack. The uralicke Cosacks dwell on the inferior river Ural, wheré they hâve a considérable fishery and breed of cattle. For the rest they pretty resemble their other countrymen. Fig. 5. A Cosack of the black Sea. The saporogick Cosacks, who formerl'y inhabited the shores of the Dnieper, from whence they vvere transferred to the Kuban, on the black sea, since the year 1775, not only serve as light horsemen, but also by Sea. Fig. 6. An Albanian. This Albanian or Arhaut belongs to the greek battalion established in the Crimea by the Russians. In war they serve both on horseback and on foot, by land and by sea. | |
| Ad99998 07 012a/eng | Miscell. Subj. CXL. Vol. VII. No. 10. IRREGULAR RUSSIAN LIGHT HORSE. The présent table exhibits a séries of Asiatick peoples, as well pagans as mahometans, who are to be found, more or less frequently, amông the russian light horse. Fig. 1. A Circassian Prince. The Circassians who inhabit the province of Kuban, are descended frora the Tartars, arid form a mixt, well-shaped and martial people, subjected to particular little Princes, who, however, acknowledge the russian sovereignty. Such a Prince is hère copied in complète armour, with helmet, coatof mail, sabre, bow, arrows and pistols. Fig. 2. A common Circassian. The peasants, or common Circassians are ail together bondslaves to gentlemen. The whole country can raise an army of 1500 gentlemen, and about to,ooo warlike bondslaves. Fig. 3. A Mursa or Tartar gentleman. He is represented without arms, as an attendant of a Circassian Prince. Fig. 4. A Tartar of Nogaj. These vagabond and rapacious Tartars distinguish themselves by their physiognomy, which proves their breedmixed with the Mongols. They adorn their lances with fox - skins. Fig. 5. A Trukmanick Tartar. The Trukmatis inhabit seyeral countries, particularly the mos.t beautiful régions of Caupasus. Sucha one is hère represented. Fig. 6. Bashkirs. The Bashkirs are descendants of Bolgars, and consequently destitute of culture. They are a warlike people. Fig. 7. A Kirgise. The Kirgises are free, rapacious and rude Tartars, mixed with Mongols, and inhabiting the déserts, on the frontiers of Russia. They keep a considérable breed of cattle, particularly of horses, and are very savage. | |
| Ad99998 07 013a/eng | Mise. Subj. CXLI. Vol. VII. No. 11. VIEWS OF THE COAST OF JAPAN WITH JAPANESE VESSELS. Japan, of which we hâve got a clearer knowledge but tvvo centuries since, is a country composed of séveral great "and little islands, on the North-East-Coast of Asia, in the great Eastern Océan, being become long since the object öf European avidity on account of its abundance of gold and other producta. The Portuguese established themselves there in the middle of the sixteenth Century, but for having abused the kindness of the Japaneses they were expelled by them. Since that time the Dutch only, however under great restrictions, are permitted to trade in Japan; but tvvo attempts made prior by the English proved abortive. Nor did the last Russian enterprise of the same kind succeed. The Court of Russia deputed an Embassador to Japan in the year 1^03 together with the two ships expedited under the command of tbo Captain Krusenstern in order to circumnavigate the woild. But this Embassador was not admittéd to Audience, and the présents, hè brought with him,, were rejected. The tvvo following views of Japan are extracted from the masterly description of this voyage, published by Captain Krusenstern. Fig. 1. View of Megasaki, near the city of Nangasaki in Japon, where the Russian Embassador was shewn to his dvvelling-place; and the first visit of the Japanese interprétera, who in an open Sloop drovetowards the Russian ship, whereof we see hère only the stem. Fig. 2. The Russian Embassador went in two bo« ats or sloops, one of which is magnificently ado'med, 10 the mansion assigned to him in Megasaki. Hère we become acquainted not only with the garments of the Japaneses, but also with the structure of their vessels. | |
| Ad99998 07 014a/eng | Worms. XVI. , Vol. VII. No. 12. THE SERTULARIA FORMED LIRE A FIR. (Sertularia abietina.) This charming Sertularia is to be found in sea-fir. The subtil branches are adorned on the Mediterranean and in the North-Sea, ad- both sides with little cônes or jaggs, as a hèrïng to oisters or to sea-shells, as we see magnified pièce of it (Fig. . II.) more dishere one of them represented. Its Fig. ure re- tinctly shevys. This Sertularia is of a grej semblés much the fir-nuts, wherefore it is horn-colour, and generally arrives at the also called Sertularia shaped lihe a fir or height of 5 inches. | |
| Ad99998 07 015a/eng | Birds. LXXVIII. Vol. VII. No. 13. RARE BIRDS. The fringe crested Cockatoo. (Psittacus fimbriatus.) ïemote climates offers us annually new spe{ «es, to which belongs also, this rare fringe Xa-our Picture-Gallery we frequently have crested Cackatoo, copied by the Englishm.an had occasion of observing the numerous Mr. Grant in his- voyage to New .Southgenus of the pariöts and of adrrnring a great Wales. Thé light gray plumage of the body many of tbem, which distinguish themselves is an excellent centrast to the deep-red head, ganicularly by the beautyful coiours of their whose inferior part is garnished as if with frinplumage. A more exact knowledge of the ges,whence the nameof this Caciatooproeeeds. | |
| Ad99998 07 016a/eng | Miscell. Subj. CXLII. Vol. VII. No. 14. SCHOMADU, OR THE GOLDEN TEMPLE AT PEGU. Pegu, formerly the capitai of the ancient Kingdom of the same name, is situated in the ulterior India, in the magnificent Birmahnic Empire. The inhabitantB of this city, like the Test of the Birmahns, profess the religion of the Buddha; they are very religious and hâve a great num ber of temple«. The chief one is the golden temple, called Schomadu, and represented in the annexed print. It is an immense édifice, formed iike a pyramidand consiructed of bricks and mortar; the outsirîe is embellished with several Ornaments, and supported by a double terrace. The Basil oï the Temple is Octogon teiminating above in a spiral line. The top is adorned with a great, gilded Balustrade and the foot surxounded by two rows of little pyramids, whereof the first row comprises 57, and the second 53. On both sides of the temple are wooden buildings for the monks or Bahaans; there il likewise to be found an abode for thepilgrims. TowaTd« the North hang three bells, which are struck with the attires of a stag, as often as a devotee arrives. Of the interior construction of the temple, the european travellers, vvho hâve been there, say nothing. | |
| Ad99998 07 017a/eng | Insects. LIV. Vol. VII. No. 15. RARE INSECTS. The great Water-Scorpion or aquatick bug of Surinam. (Nepa grandis. L.) Lhe genus of the water-scorpions, whose name merely dérives from the two fore • feet formed lilce cisars and adhèring to the head, is not at ail venomous and comprehends several indigenous and exotick species. Their four wings are placed in a state of repose. With the mouth, formed like a beak and placed below the head, they suck out the little insects dextrously caught by the fore-feet, which fold up like a pocket-knife. By the help of the other feet, which are instead of oar» to them, they swim with dexteiity on the ponds and marshy waters, where they dwell. In fair Summer-Evenings they likewise fly from one place to the other. Hère we see copied the great est specie« of the water-scorpions, which are met with in Surinam, (Fig. . H) flying, (Fig. . 2.) reposing. The body is two Inches and a half Long, pretty large and somewhat elevated above and below. The fangs provided before with crooks and the beaked teeth placed under the head, appear most disiinetly. | |
| Ad99998 07 018a/eng | Misc. Subj. CXLIII. Vol. VII. No. 16. THE ORGAN OF SIGHT ILLUSTRATED BY THE HUMAN EYE. This print exlnbits the whole structure of thè human eye, wbereof we see with us only the exterior part, as it were the window. Hère we behold very much magrnfied and in profile the exterior and anterior parts of this admirable structure, the more paiticular explication of which is contained in the commenta'ry. A.t présent we produce only ihe principal parts. Fig. 1. The Eye-hoïes or orbits of the eye, wherein the eyes are placed, over which are the eye-brovvs (Fig. . il.) together with the eye- lids (Fig. . 5.) tbat serve as a defence tö the eye. The eye itself is an oblong globe, composed of several membranes, which închuîe mQiiy humours. Behind is placed the optick nerve (Fig. . 13.) like a stalk. The exterior circumference of the eye is formed by the harcl membrane (Fig. . ifr.). To it.ç fore-aperture is adapted the transparent liomy tunicle (?\g. 20.). In the middle of the interior membrane is a hole (Fig. . 25.), calledthe Eye-ball or pupil. The most important and inmost membrane of the eye is the retina. (Fig. . 27.), the proper organ of sight. The humours contained in the Chambers of the eyes (Fig. . 32.33.) serve to.the first refraction of the incident rays, which, again refracted by the cristalline humour (Fig. . 30.) and by the vitreal one (Fig. . 29.) arrive at the retina (Fig. . 27.) upon which they cause the sensation of the object by way of vibration. The optick nerve transmits this sentiment to the brains, so that the soûl receives the idea of what we perceive. | |
| Ad99998 07 019a/eng | Misc. Subj. CXLIV. Vol. VII. No. 17. THE ORGAN OF HEARING, EXPLAINED BY MEANS OF THE HUMAN EAR. The structure of the human ear is almost as ingeniously fraraed as that of the eye, as at first sight shews the annexed print, where vve behold in Fig. . r. the ear in its natural greatness, but in Fig. . 2. greatly magnified. The ear is composed of the exterior ear, which forms the entrance of the organ of hearing. It is a cartilage, whereof we observe the exterior and interior border of the ear (Fig. . I. IL I. 2.). Near it we see the fore skiit of the ear and the hind one (Fig. . I. IL 4. et 5). The cavity between both is called the ear's cockle (Fig. . I. II. 6.). The earlap is the extremity of it. (Fig. . I. IL J.). In the interior there is the conduit of the ear (Fig. . 1. II. y.). Under the common skin of the head are concealed the parolid glands, which separate the wax. At the extremity of the conduit of the ear appears the lympanum (Fig. . I. II. 9.) which envers the barrel of the drum. On tins elastick skin are collected the bones of hearing, viz, the hammer (Fig. . I. IL ir.), the anvil (I. II. 14), the stirrup. In the interior is the labyrinth. There is likewise to be found the Cochlea of the ear, thus called (Fig. . I. II. 111. 22.). The three semicircular Channels (Fig. . I: II. III. IV. 19.) open with five mouthes. With tbe ear communicate two nerves, viz, the hard one, or the nerve of union of the face, and the soft one, or the acoustic nerve, properly said, with its branches (Fig. . IV. 29. 30) These are the principal organs of the ear. The commentary of this Picture-Gallery gi. ves a more particular explication. By way of the mentioned artificial structure of the ear we hear sounds, which probably comes to pass in the foüowing manner. The sound caught by the exterior ear and its élévations and cavities is transmitted to the conduit of the ear, whence it arrives | |
| Ad99998 07 020a/eng | Plants. CXX. Vol. VII. No. 18. RARE ORNAMENTAL PLANTS. The imperial Napoleona. (Napoleonaea imperialis.) This rare and beautiful shrub forms the first species of a new genus of plants, first discovered by the french Naturalist Palisot Beauvois, in the month of December iftoj, inAfrica, in.the Kingdom of Oware, not far from the city of the same Name. On account of the resemblance of its interior blossom with the star of the légion of honour it has been denominated after the name of the Emperor of France, Napoleona. The imperial Napoleona, hère represented, forms a shrub 7 to 8 foot high, with long and sharp pointed leaves, vvhich, supported by short stalks, adhère to the branches. The fair and blue flowers stick close to the branches, and are formed of a double crown included into one another. In the interior one are the five large stamina, shaped like a riband. From this singular form, compared with the cross of the above mentioned order, dérives the name of this new genus of plants. | |
| Ad99998 07 021a/eng | Worms. XVII. Vol. VII. No. 19. SEVERAL KINDS OF ZOOPHYTES OR PLANT-ANIMALS. Fig. 1. The bristly Sea-pen. (Pennatula setacea.) The Sea-feathers, which in all seas are met with swimming about in summer on the surface of the water, are composed of a cartilaginous stalk, covered with a fleshy skin and spreading upwards in fibres like a pen. They form the abode of the little polypous. The sea-pens pass the winter at the bottom of the sea. The species exhibited hère belongs to the scarcer ones and gives the clearest représentation of this genus of Zoophytes. Fig. 2. The membranous Coralline. (Corallina membranacea.) The membranous Coralline hère represented is composed, like the other species of this genus, of a branched stalk, adorned with horny articulations and covered with a calcarious crust. The surface is füll of apertures or pores, which we behold in ä magnified State in Fig. . b. ed., and which serve as an abode to the little polypus. | |
| Ad99998 07 022a/eng | Insects. LV. Vol. VII. No. 20. GERMAN NOCTURNAL BUTTERFLIES. Fig. 1. The dainty Butterfly. (Phalaena Noctua Libatrix. L.) X he yellowish green caterpillar (A.) of this beautiful nocturnal: Butterfly is to be found pn willpws in the month of August. It transforma itself in a black chrysalis (B.) out of which cornes this Butterfly. Fig. . (C.) exhibits the maie, and Fig. . (D.) the female. Theupperwings aie orange - coloured, reddish and brown. Each wing is adorned with two white- crofs liqes as likewise with double white poinis; the hind-part is indented. The inferior wings are pale brown, inclining to red, and edged with a large border. Fig. 2. The nuptial Butterfly. (Phalaena noctua pronuba. L.) The yellow caterpillar (a.) of this nocturnal Butterfly is met with on the mouse ear scorpion grafs {Myosotis Scorpioides) in the month of April. From this dark red chrysalis (b.) cornes forth the Butterfly (c. d.) aftèr four weeks. The upper - wing* are of a light gray colonr tending to brown; in the middle there is a spot formed like a kidney. The orange- coloured lower- wings, with black crofs bands, give an agreeable appearance to this nocturna*! Butterfly. | |
| Ad99999 04 003a/eng | Birds XLVII. Vol. IV. No. 1. HERONS OF DIFFERENT SORTS. Fig. 1. The Agami Heron. (Ardea Agami.) The Agami Heron, on account of its many colour'd plumage, belongs to the most beautiful Sorts of its species, inhabits Cayenne, and is commonly two feet seven inches long. The back, the back-part of the neck, the wings and the tail are dark blue; the belly, the thighs cover'd with feathers and the fore-part of the neck of a reddish brown; from the back of the head there hang six or eight taper nodding feathers of a dark blue colour. Flying bluish feathers clothe the sides of the neck, and behind the wings long flying light blue feathers hang down as far as the end of the tail. Fig. 2. The black Stork. (Ardea nigra.) The black Stork, which like the common white Stork lives upon amphibious animals and fish, inhabits many parts of Europe, and builds in the recesses of the woods upon high trees. The colour of the head and neck is a sort of dazzling mixture of green, violet colour, and brown with little white spots; the wings, the back, and the tail are colour'd in the same manner, except that there are no white spots in them. The belly is of a dirty white, the legs red. Fig. 3. The common Night Heron. (Ardea Nycticorax.) The common night Heron is met with in every part of Germany, but also inhabits other European countries, as well as Asia and America, and lives upon fish, frogs and other amphibious animals. It attains the height of one foot ten inches, and its plumage consists of a mixture of white, brown, and blackish-green feathers. From the back of its head there hang three white, long, taper feathers, which are us'd, particularly in Turkey as an omament of the headdress, and bear a high price. Fig. 4. The Cayenne Night Heron. (Ardea Cayennensis.) lives in Cayenne, resembles the common night Héron in size and manner of living, but is of a taperer make, and of a darker colour. Fig. 5. The Tiger-Bittern. (Ardea tigrina.) The plumage of this beautiful Bittern almost resembles a tiger's skin in colour, which is of a dark yellowish red, variegated with black spots and stripes, and hence it derives the name of Tiger-Bittern. Its height is about two feet and an half, it lives in South-America, chiefly in Cayenne and Surinam, and builds its nest upon the ground amongst the flags. Fig. 6. The zigzag Bittern. (Ardea undulata.) This little Bittern is only one foot one inch in height, and lives, like the last mention'd, in Cayenne, in South-America. Its whole plumage is a mixture of yellow, red, and grey, variegated with narrow zigzag black Stripes. Its beak is blackish, and its legs yellow. | |
| Ad99999 04 004a/eng | Plants LXXV. Vol. IV. No. 2. REMARKABLE PLANTS. Fig. 1. The fetid Stapelia, or Carrion-Flower. (Stapelia hirsuta.) In this plant we are presented with a remarkable phaenomenon; nature has given it a perfectly animal smell, like that of putrified flesh, whence the name of Carrion-Flower has been given to it. Its native country is the Cape of Good Hope, but it may be rear'd in Europe within doors, or in a hot-house, by the means of slips. The stem consists of several pyramidal branches join'd angularly together, of about the size of the little finger and full of juice. From the end of these branches proceeds the flower stalk, which bears a large wheel-shap'd blossom. It is divided into five hairy pointed leaves, the ground-colour of which is yellow shaded with dark red. These blossoms exhale a smell so very like that of carrion, that the common flesh-fly is deceiv'd by them, flies to them and lays its eggs upon their leaves. But the maggots when hatch'd cannot live upon the juice of this flower, and die in a short time of hunger. The fruit in the shape of a pod, in which the hairy seeds lie, arises from the blossom. Fig. 2. The asham'd Mimosa, or Sensitive-plant. (Mimosa pudica.) Not less remarkable than the Carrion-flower is the modest Sensititive-plant here represented; it belongs to the numerous class of Mimosae, which consists of no less than seventy five sorts. It grows wild in the Brazils, but is now often rais'd from seed by the Gardeners in hot-houses. It is a shrub of the height of 2 feet with woody stalks. On the long stalks of the leaves, which, as well as the hairy chief stalks, are dark red, are plac'd the quadruply-divided leaves like feathers. The blossoms of a reddish colour grow on separate stalks, and are of a globular shape. The most remarkable quality of this plant is its wonderful irritability. The moment the plant is even slightly touch'd, but particularly so on the little spots at the bottom of each leaf, it draws back as if offended, and each leaf which is touch'd shrinks separately. If you continue to touch it, and that with less precaution, the whole stalk falls, and continues for several hours in this laxness, ‘till it at Iength recovers itself, and rises again. | |
| Ad99999 04 005a/eng | Amphibia XII. Vol. IV. No. 3. REMARKABLE SORTS OF LIZARDS. Fig. 1. The monitory Lizard. (Lacerta Monitor.) The monitory Lizard inhabits some parts of America, the East-Indies, and the Cape of good Hope. For those countries it is a very salutary animal, being the chief Enemy of the Crocodile, announcing the approach of this tremendous beat by a piercing whistle, and thereby warning, as it were, man and beast, whence it derives its name. Its length is from 5 to 6 feet. The ground-colour of its body is dark brown with dazzling white rings and stripes. The five cloven toes of each foot are arm'd with sharp, crooked claws. It lives on fish, birds eggs, smaller Lizards, and is towards man quite harmless. Its flesh, which is by no means illtasted, is eaten by the Hottentots. Fig. 2. The Cockatrice. (Lacerta Basilicus.) The Antients talk a great deal of a venemous, misshap'd, dangerous Animal which was hatch'd from a cocks-egg, and which they call'd a Basilisk. But such an animal never existed except in the heads of superstitious stupid people. This Cockatrice or Basilisk, (for thus it is also call'd, ) with which we present our readers, must not therefore be confounded with this fabulous beast, with which it has nothing in common but the name. On the contrary it is not only an harmless, but even an useful animal, as it lives entirely on insects. Our Cockatrice lives in SouthAmerica, and is from 11/2 to 2 feet long. Its colour is light brown. Along its back is a kind of comb cover'd with scales, which it can raise at pleasure, and thus chrow itself from branch to branch. By means of its long toes it can climb and run along the trees with great dexterity. Fig. 3. The flying Dragon. (Lacerta volans.) This flying Lizard, a small harmless animal, which is not much larger than our common lizard, has no other resemblance with that dreadful monster, which pass'd in the fabulous âges under the name of Dragon, than the name. The flying Dragon here represented inhabits Asia, Africa, and America, and lives upon Flies, Ants, Butterflies and other Insects. Between the fore and hind feet are the skinny wings, divided into six rays, by the means of which it flies from one tree to another, even to the distance of 20 or 30 paces; these wings assist it also extremely in swimming, so that it can seek its food on the earth, in the water and in the air. Underneath its throat it has three long pointed pouches, which it can blow up, by which it is also greatly assisted in flying. The wings as well as the whole body are closely cover'd with scales. | |
| Ad99999 04 006a/eng | Fish XXVIII. Vol. IV. No. 4. GERMAN RIVER-FISH. The four sorts of Fish here represented belong all to the species of Carps, which are universally recommended by their delicious meat, and of which we have been made acquainted with many sorts in the earlier volumes of our Picture-Gallery. Fig. 1. The Rud. (Cyprinus erythrophthalmus.) The Rud is found in the rivers and lakes of northern Germany, particularly in Pomerania, and Brandenburg, and in such numbers that even the hogs were in many of those parts formerly fatten'd with them, as purchasers were not to be found for all that were caught. Their length is about one foot, their breadth 3 or 4 inches, they live upon worms and water-infects. Their tender white meat is well tasted and wholesome. They are chiefly distinguish'd from all other sorts of Carp by their cinnabar-colour'd fins and tail, and the saffran-colour'd ring of their eyes. The back of a blackish green, the rest of the body is cover'd with silver-colourd scales. Fig. 2. The nosed Carp. (Cyprinus Nasus.) The nosed Carp is something bigger than the Rud, its head and body taperer, and is caught in the Oder, Weichsel, and the Rhine, of the weight of from a pound and an half, to two pounds. It is distinguish'd from all others of its species by the black skin of the inside of its belly, and is for this reason often call'd black-belly. For this reason too it is in many places not eaten, altho' the meat is wholesome and welltasted. The tail and all the fins (except the back-fin) are red; the back-fin is bluish. Fig. 3. The Vimbe. (Cyprinus Vimba.) This sort of Carp is met with in Silesia, Livonia and Prussia, where it mounts the rivers out of the Baltic. Its length is one foot, its meat white and well-tasted, and may be either eaten fresh, or pickled; when pickled and pack'd in small barrels it may be sent to any distance. The whole body as well as the fins are bluish, its belly cover'd with silber-colour'd fins. The head is pointed like a wedge. It is caugth with hooks or dragnets. Fig. 4. The Dobul. (Cyprinus Dobula.) This taper Carp is never more than one foot long, and is found in the Rhine, Main, Weser, Elbe, Oder, and many other German rivers in great numbers, but is eaten chiefly by the common peuple, at its meat is woolly and full of bones. It lives, like almost all other Carps, on worms and river weeds. It is very tender, and dies in shallow lakes and ponds, if hot weather continues any Iength of time. | |
| Ad99999 04 007a/eng | Shells III. Vol. IV. No. 5. SCARCE SHELLS. Fig. 1. The Hammer-Oyster. (Ostrea Malleus.) This Hammer or Cross-Muscle is of the Oyster kind, and is found in the India Ocean and in the South-Sea. Its double shells consist of three arms, which have been by some liken'd to a hammer, by others to a cross, whence it has acquir'd these different names. The length of the two side-arms, are commonly from 5 to 6 inches. In the deep cavity at the junction of the 3 arms lies the esculent oyster. This shell, which is of an ugly blackish, or greyish brown colour, was formerly much sought by collectors on account of its scarceness. They sometimes paid 1000 Dollars (150 L.) for it, but it never costs now at the highest more than 100 Dollars (15 L.) The Admirals. The Admirals, of which several sorts are here represented in Fig. 2. 3. 4. 5. belong to the trumpet shells, and are remarkable for their rough spotted ground. They all belong to the most precious shells and bear a very high price in the cabinets of natural curiosities. Fig. 2. The Cedo-nulli Admiral. (Conus Ammiralis Cedo nulli.) This Admiral is found in the South-Sea, and is the most beautiful and the dearest of all. As it is extremely scarce, it often costs from 300 to 400 Dollars. The gold colour'd shell spotted with white in an irregular manner is surrounded by a triple girdle consisting of several rows of small white prominences resembling strings of pearls. Fig. 5. [sic!] The Orange Admiral. (Conus Amm. Arausiacus.) Also a beautiful and scarce shell, which often costs 40 or 50 Dollars. An uncommon order and beauty reigns in its whole design. Across the broad orange colour'd rings run prominent brown and white strings of beads. Fig. 4. The American Admiral. (Conus Amm. Americanus.) Comes from America, is spotted with tilecolour'd red, yellowish red, and white, with several rows of white beads. It is less valuable than the other kinds. Fig. 5. The high Admiral. (Conus Amm. summus.) The high Admiral comes from the East-Indies, is brownish red and ornamented with yellowish minutely spotted girdles, and white spots. It sometimes cost 100 Dollars. Fig. 6. The royal Staircase. (Turbo scalaris.) The valuable shell, call'd the royal Staircase, is found on the coast of Coromandel, and costs often some hundred ducats. It consists of several white or reddish windings, which run detach'd upwards round a newel. White prominent ribs run across these. A hole goes through the whole length of the shell, through which one can see as far as the point of it. Its length is from one to two inches. Fig. 7. The barr'd Wreath. (Turbo clathrus.) resembles greatly in its whole fashion the royal Staircase, but differs from it essentially in that its windings and ribs do not run detach'd, but are united together. Its whole length is an inch, and its structure is that of a longer and taperer tower. It is often found in the Atlantic, the Mediterranean, and on the coasts of Holland. | |
| Ad99999 04 008a/eng | Birds. XLVIII. Vol. IV. No. 6. PARROTS OF DIFFERENT KINDS. We have already seen in the 16th and 17th Numbers of the first Volume of our Picture-Gallery a variety of species of the beautiful Parrot-race. We are here made acquainted with some other sorts. Fig. 1. The blue and yellow Maccaw. (Psittacus Ararauna.) This large and beautiful Parrot inhabits most parts of South-America; it attains the height of two feet seven inches and an half. Its head, back, wings and tail are of a beautiful shining azure; the breast and belly are yellow. Its large back is black, as are its legs. Fig. 2. The Bankian Cacatoo. (Psitt. magnificus.) A bird of a very remarkable appearance which. the famous English Naturalist Sir Joseph Banks first brought from New-Holland into Europe. The ground-colour of its plumage is black. Bushy feathers surround its short beak which is of an olive yellow colour. These feathers as well as the upper part of the wings are spotted with yellow; broad crimson stripes run across its tail, which is shap'd like a fan. Fig. 3. The great red crested Cacatoo, (Psitt. Moluccensis.) inhabits the Molucca islands, is 17 inches long, entirely white, except the large crest at the back of its head, the lower part of which is red. Fig. 4. The Amboina Parrot, (Psitt. Amboinensis.) attains the size of 15 inches. Its head, neck and belly are deep red, the wings bluish green, the back and tail of a beautiful blue. It is met with in Amboina. Fig. 5. The Alexandrine Parrakeet, (Psitt. Alexandri.) lives in Africa and Asia, and is of the size of the last number. Alexander the great is said to have brought this bird with him from his Indian Expedition, and hence is deriv'd its name. Its plumage is chiefly light green, the throat black. A rose-colour'd ring surrounds its neck. Fig. 6. The horned Parrot. (Psitt. cornutus.) The beautiful horned Parrot inhabits New Caledonia, and is of the size of a Turtle Dove. On the crown of its head, which is crimson, are two long dark colour'd feathers with red points of the length of an inch and an half. They resemble horns, whence it derives its name. A yellow ring surrounds its neck. The rest of its plumage is green, of different shades. | |
| Ad99999 04 009a/eng | Plants. LXXVI. Vol. IV. No. 7. GERMAN POISONOUS PLANTS. Fig. 1. The celery-leaved Crowsfoot. (Ranunculus sceleratus.) The celery-leaved Crowsfoot is a poisonous plant of about 2 feet high, and grows in wet ditches and marshy grounds. The juicy stalk divides itself into several branches, which form a kind of bush. The stalks of the leaves are short, close to the main stem; and branch out into three separate leaves, which are long pointed, and jagged at the sides. At the ends of the branches the small, yellow, five leav'd flower appears about May, and in the middle of this blossom an oval green fruit containing the seeds. The poisonous qualities of this plant are very great. Even the Effluvia arising from the plant when bruis'd occasions pain and stupefaction. The juice, when it touches the skin, occasions very virulent obstinate ulcers, which are difficult to cure. This juice taken inwardly occasions the most violent pain, and if taken in any quantity is even mortal. Water and Milk drunk copiously are the best antidotes. In some few cases it may be us'd in médecine, but always with the greatest precaution. Fig. 2. The Mezerion. (Daphne Mezereum.) The common Mezerion grows in many parts of Germany, in all shady woods except those of fir. It is a sbrup, which grows in its wild state only a few feet high; but in Gardens, where it is often transplanted on account of its agreable blossom, and useful bark, it atteins if attended to, the height of 12 and even 16 feet. Its peach-colour'd blossoms appear before the leaves in February and March, grow close to the branches without stalks, and have a very agreable odour. They bear oval red berries, which contain a stone, or seed, are ripe in July and then become blackish. These berries are poisonous. When eaten they occasion a violent looseness, which sometimes finalIy proves mortal. The Ianceolated leaves grow alternately on each side of, and close to the branches, and above the blossoms and fall off in Autumn. In Medecine the bark of the Mezerion is often us'd. It is laid externally upon the skin to excite blisters, being of a caustic nature; this is practis'd for inflammations of the eyes and for diseases arising from vicious humours. In Sweden the scrap'd bark is laid with success upon the wounds occasion'd by the bite of venemous snakes. The Painters prepare a red colour from the berries. | |
| Ad99999 04 010a/eng | Fish XXIX. Vol. IV. No. 8. GERMAN RIVER-FISH. We see here five sorts of Carp, which belong to the smallest of this kind, and are all to be met with in German Rivers. Fig. 1. The Gudgeon. (Cyprinus Gobio.) The Gudgeon inhabits rivers and small lakes, which are connected with one another. Its usual length is six inches, but is sometimes to be met with, a foot long. The upper part of the head of a brownish green projects beyond the under-jaw. The back is of a bluish black. The belly cover'd with reddish and silvercolour'd scales. The tail and back-fins are spotted with black. Fig. 2. The Bleak. (Cypr. alburnus.) The Bleak is from four to six inches long, and is to be found in most rivers and streams of Germany, where it multiplies prodigiously. Its white flesh is woolly and its taste not particularly good. The upper part of its body is olive-brown, the lower part silvercolour'd. The common artificial pearls are made of these silvercolour'd scales. The scales are taken off and rubb'd in clean water ‘till the colouring particles are dissolv'd in or rather mix'd with it. The water, when these particles are settled, is pour'd off, and they are mix'd with isinglass. This Essence of Pearls, as it is call'd, is laid on with a painting-brush on the inside of the glass pearls. The cavity is then fill'd up with pure white wax, a hole bor'd thro' it, and lin'd with Paper, and the artificial pearl is finish'd. Fig. 3. The punctuated Carp. (Cypr. bipunctatus.) This little carp is only three inches long, is fond of running water with a pebbly bottom, and lives like all other sorts of carp here represented on worms and water weeds. The Back is dark green, the belly silver-colour'd. Fig. 4. The Pink or Minnow. (Cypr. Phoxinus.) The Minnow is a taper little fish, not much bigger than the last mention'd, and its flesh is of a pleasant bitter taste. It is fond of clear Water, and is particularly common in Silesia and Westphalia, where it is call'd Grimpel. Its body is cover'd with slimy scales. Its blackish or dark blue back has several lighter spots. The greyish or bluish Fins have near the body a red spot. Fig. 5. The bitter Carp. (Cypr. amarus.) This is the smalleft of ail sorts of carp, and exceeds not two inches in length. It is despis'd by the fishermen on account of its diminutive size and its bitterness, and serves only as food for fish of prey. It is half as broad as it is long, its back of a yellowish brown, the tail and back fins greenish, and the belly fins reddish. It is fond of running water with a sandy bottom. | |
| Ad99999 04 011a/eng | Amphibia XIII. Vol. IV. No. 9. VARIETIES OF THE LIZARD. Fig. 1. The Stink. (Lacerta Stincus.) This sort of Lizard lives in most parts of Africa and Asia, and feeds on aromatic herbs. It is from 6 to 8 inches long, is entirely cover'd with scales, its colour light and dark yellowish-red mix'd with white. The colours grow paler when it dies. The head and tail are in a strait line with the rest of the body, so that one might take it at a little distance for a little fish. It lives as well in the water as on land. It was us'd in antient times as a corroborative for weak bodies, and it is put to the same use even at present in the East. It is taken dried as a powder, or boild when fresh and drank in the form of a decoction. On this account the common Egyptians industriously go after the Scinc, collect them and sell them at Cairo or Alexandria, whence they are further exported. The common Lizard. (Lacerta agilis.) Fig. 2. The Male. Fig. 3. The Female. The common Lizard inhabits chiefly the southern parts of Europe, yet it is also found in many parts of Germany. The address and quickness of its motions render this elegant little animal, which is by no means venomous, particularly agreeable; it is very fond of warmth, and hence it is chiefly found in spring, when it wakes at the first appearance of végétation out of its winter-sleep, lying on turf banks and dry places in the fun. But the moment they perceive any one, they glide frighten'd into their holes. Their food consists of flies and other little insects, which they are very expert in catching. They are also prejudicial to the beehives. The common Lizard is 6 inches long. Its head is triangular and flat. Each foot it provided with five toes, with crooked nails. The back of the male (Fig. 2.) in of a greyish brown, ornamented with three rows of black and white spots. The back of the female (Fig. 3.) is reddish brown and the belly yellowish. Fig. 4. The Stellion. (Lacerta Stellio.) The Stellion lives in many parts of Africa, in Egypt and Palaestine and at the Cape. It is 4 inches long and is entirely cover'd with little spikes. It is of a marbled brown, white, and greenish colour. The most particular circumstance attending this little animal is, that its excréments are collected in the neighbourhood of the Egyptian Pyramids, they are falsely call'd crocodiles dung, and are an object of commerce, as they are us'd in Turkey as paint, | |
| Ad99999 04 012a/eng | Miscellaneous Subjects XXXIV. Vol. IV. No. 10. MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS ON THE TONGUE. The Tongue deserves all our attention, as well from the circumstance of its being the seat of a particular sense, the taste, as from its being a principal instrument of speech, since many letters cannot, without its assistance, be pronounc'd. It is composed of a variety of muscular fibres crossing each other, whence is deriv'd the ease with which it so quickly turns on all sides. Besides these, a number of tender ramifications of nerves, which terminate on the surface in a kind of highly irritable warts, run into the Tongue, and thro' their means we are sensible of taste. These are of three kinds: 1) rose-leav'd, 2) of the shape of flax-comb, 3) mushroom-shap'd. We will now examine them singly both of their natural size, and magnified, as they appear in a boil'd calfs- tongue, as they are thus more remarkable. Fig. 1. A small, boil'd Calfs-tongue of the natural size with its different skins and warts, or papillary membranes. We here see the different skins of the tongue lying one over the other, with the membranes, or extremities of the nerves. a and b shew the upper skin; at a are seen the roseleav'd extremities of the nerves, or papillary membranes, as they are call'd; at b the flaxcomb-shap'd; c exhibits the second skin lying under this first; d the third skin; e the fourth and finest skin; at f are seen the mushroom-shap'd extremities of the nerves. In Fig. 2, 3 and 4 we see these three different shap'd extremities of the nerves separately. Fig. 2. The rose-leav'd Extremities, or papillary membranes. At A we see one of these extremities of the natural size, as they are seen in Fig. 1 upon the tongue. At B it appears considerably magnified. The name of rose-leav'd is deriv'd from their somewhat resembling a five-leav'd rose. Fig. 3. The flaxcomb form'd Extremities, or papillary membranes. At A is seen a small piece of the tongue cut thro', with the extremities of the nerves which appear upon it, in the shape of a flaxcomb. At B we see them still more plain, as they appear thro' the magnifying glass. Their lengthen'd channels b penetrate the flesh of the tongue, receive at c several small veins, which arise at d out of the lower flesh of the tongue. Fig. 4. The mushroom shap'd Extremities, or papillary membranes. Here appear at A in their natural size, and at B magnified, the mushroom shap'd papillary membranes, taken notice of at f Fig. 1. The little warts, or papillary membranes noted at a a a are plac'd like small buttons on the upper coat of the tongue. At b is the branch of the nerve, which is otherwise enclos'd in the flesh of the tongue, uncover'd, the ramifications of which proceed respectively to the single papillary membranes. | |
| Ad99999 04 013a/eng | Birds XLIX. Vol. IV. No. 11. MANAKINS OF DIFFERENT KINDS. The Manakins, of which we see here six different sorts represented, are a numerous, beautiful species of wood birds. They are met with in South-America and the adjacent Islands, where they only inhabit the recesses of the woods, without ever appearing on the cultivated Land. They live on insects and wild fruits. In the morning they wander, in little flights of eight or ten together, from one part of the wood to the other. They resemble very much our titmice in their quickness and vivacity of jumping and seeking their food from branch to branch, but are generally of a larger size. Their singing, except that of the tuneful Manakin, is only an indistinct, inarticulate Chirping. The name of Manakin was given them by the Hollanders in Surinam. Fig. 1. The tuneful Manakin. (Pipra musica.) This Manakin is called tuneful for its sweet and pleasant singing, which many travellers prefer to that of our Nightingals. It lives in the woods of St. Domingo, and is commonly four inches long. Its beautiful plumage of black, dark blue, and orange colour'd feathers, is not less remarkable then its melodious Tune of Voice. Fig. 2. The blue backed Manakin. (Pipra pareola.) Is of a larger size than the tuneful. It inhabits the Island of Cuba, Brazil and Cayenne. The ground colour of its feathers is a shining black. On the back it has a kind of cover of light blue feathers. Its head is ornamented with a beautiful plume of crimson feathers which it can raise and lay down at pleasure. Fig. 3. The black capped Manakin. (Pipra manacus.) This little lively bird which is of the size of our sparrows, lives in the lofty woods of Guiana in South-America and feeds on insects, chiefly ants. Its feathers are white, grey, and black. Fig. 4. The black crown'd Manakin. (Pipra atricapilla.) The black crown'd or ash grey Manakin lives also in Guiana, but is of a larger size than the former species. The mixture of its feathers is grey and yellowish. Fig. 5. The gold headed Manakin. (Pipra erythrocephala.) Fig. 6. The red and black Manakin. (Pipra aureola.) These two little charming Manakins inhabit also Guiana. They never exceed the length of three inches. No. 4. is entirely black, except its gold colour'd head, whence the name is deriv'd. N. 5. is still more beautiful for its burning orange yellow plumage. Its bill and feet are red, the wings have a few white stripes. | |
| Ad99999 04 014a/eng | Fish XXX. Vol. IV. No. 12. FOUR KINDS OF PARTICULAR FISH. Fig. 1. The poisoned Grooper. (Scorpaena Scrosa.) The poisoned Grooper inhabits the Mediterranean, the Atlantic, and the North-Sea, or German Ocean. It is a dangerous Enemy to all other fish, preying continnally upon them; he also pursues and endeavours to catch the swimming water birds. Its length is from 4 to 6 feet. The many jags and prominences on and around its head give it a singular appearance. It has two brown horny excrescences on the scull above its eyes and two crooked bone-spikes grow out of its upper jaw. Its large mouth is surrounded with a regular row of pointed teeth and the under jaw is full of beard fibres. The belly is reddish, the back is red brown with brown spots. The fins are grey blue, and their quills yellowih, likewise brown spotted. In some parts of Italy it is eaten, and in Norway they prepare train oil out of its liver. It is caught with dragnets and hooks. Fig. 2. The Sea-Fox. (Chimaera monstrosa.) The Sea-Fox lives in the North-Sea, chiefly on the coaft of Norway. Its tail, winch at the end is as thin as the tail of a rat, is longer than its whole body, and hence its German name Seekatze is deriv'd. Its Iength is from 3 to 4 feet. It lives generally upon the Medusa or Sea blubber, and lobsters, but it goes also after herrings. On account of the smallness of its mouth it cann't consume any larger sort of fish. The belly is of a silver colour, its back is yellowish with brown spots. The seagreen eyes shine like cat's eyes, whence it is sometimes call'd Sea-Cat, From the clump of fibres on its head the Norwegian peasants call it also the King of fish. Its flesh is hard and not well tasted. The oil which is boiled out of its liver, is us'd in Norway for sore eyes, and also as a vulnerary balsam. Fig. 3. The cuckold Fish. (Ostracion quadricornis.) It belongs to the species, which for its hard coat of mail is call'd bone fish, and is remarkable for its two pair of horns, one of which grows above its eyes, the other under its belly. Its ground colour is reddish brown, with reddish grey spots in the form of nets. It inhabits generally the Seas of the East-and West-Indies. Fig. 4. The antennated Grooper. (Scorpaena antennata.) The antennated Grooper is also as remarkable as the above mentioned kinds. Full of prominences and cavities it belongs, as No. 1. to the species of Groopers. Between its eyes which ly veiy nigh one another, arise two gristly horns, that were compared with the antennae and whence this fish has got its name. Ten Quills of the back fin are white with brown spots and stand forth like spikes. The colour of the body is of a high yellow with brown stripes. White Quills run from the violet colour'd breast fins to the tail. It inhabits the Amboina Island. |
